Esi sisahlulo sesithathu soluhlu olunamacandelo amathathu malunga nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kuka-Derek Pratt kwe-John Harrison's Longitude Award-yaphumelela iMbasa ye-H4 (ikhronometer yokuqala echanekileyo yaselwandle).Eli nqaku lapapashwa okokuqala kwi-Horological Journal (HJ) ngo-Epreli 2015, kwaye siyababulela ngokusinika ngesisa imvume yokupapasha kwakhona kwiQuill & Pad.
Ukufunda ngakumbi ngoDerek Pratt, bona ubomi kunye namaxesha omlindi ozimeleyo ozimeleyo uDerek Pratt, uDerek Pratt wokwakha ngokutsha iJohn Harrison H4, ihlabathi Iwotshi yokuqala echanekileyo yeenkwenkwezi zaselwandle (inxalenye 1 yesi-3), kunye neH4 kaJohn Harrison itreyi yedayimane yakhiwa ngokutsha nguDerek Pratt, ikhronometer yokuqala echanekileyo yehlabathi (icandelo lesi-2, Kukho iinxalenye ezi-3 zizonke).
Emva kokwenza i-tray yedayimane, siqhubela phambili ukuze sifumane ukuphawula ukubukela, nangona ngaphandle kwe-remontoir, nangaphambi kokuba zonke iigugu zigqitywe.
Ivili elikhulu lokulinganisa (50.90 mm ububanzi) lenziwe ngepaneli yesixhobo esiqinileyo, esipholileyo kunye nepolishiwe.Ivili libotshelelwe phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini zokuqina, ezinceda ekunciphiseni ukuguquka.
Ipleyiti eqinile kaDerek Pratt ye-H4 ibonisa ibhalansi kwixesha elizayo, kunye nabasebenzi kunye ne-chuck endaweni
Ibhalansi lever yi mandrel obhityileyo 21.41 mm kunye nomjikelezo esinqeni kuncitshiswe 0.4 mm ngenxa yokukhwela itreyi kunye chuck balance.Abasebenzi bavula intambo yomenzi weewotshi baze bagqibezele ngokujika.I-chuck yobhedu esetyenziselwa i-pallet igxininiswe kumsebenzi kunye nepini edibeneyo, kwaye i-pallet ifakwe kwi-D-shaped hole kwi-chuck.
Ezi zimbobo zenziwe kwisitya sobhedu usebenzisa i-EDM yethu (umatshini wokukhupha umbane).I-electrode yobhedu ngokwemilo ye-cross-sectional ye-pallet ifakwe elubhedu, kwaye emva koko umngxuma kunye ne-contour yangaphandle yomsebenzi icutshungulwa kumatshini wokugaya we-CNC.
Ukugqitywa kokugqibela kwe-chuck kwenziwa ngesandla usebenzisa ifayile kunye ne-polisher yensimbi, kwaye umngxuma wepini oqhekezayo wenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Archimedes drill.Olu ludibaniso olunomdla lwemisebenzi ye-high-tech kunye ne-low-tech!
I-balance spring inezangqa ezithathu ezipheleleyo kunye nomsila omde othe tye.Intwasahlobo iyancipha, isiphelo se-stud sityebile, kwaye umbindi ujonge kwi-chuck.U-Anthony Randall usibonelele nge-0.8% yentsimbi yekhabhoni, eyathi yatsalwa kwindawo ethe tyaba yaze yagudiswa ibe yikowuni ukuya kubungakanani bentlakohlaza ye-H4 yokuqala.Intwasahlobo enqabileyo ifakwe kwintsimbi yangaphambili yokuqina.
Sinezithombe ezilungileyo zentwasahlobo yasekuqaleni, evumela ukuba sidwebe imilo kunye ne-CNC mill yangaphambili.Ngentwasahlobo emfutshane, abantu banokulindela ukuba ibhalansi ijiwuze ngamandla xa abasebenzi bemi nkqo kodwa bengathintelwa bubucwebe obukwibhulorho yokulinganisa.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umsila omde kunye neenwele ziyancipha, ukuba ivili lokulinganisela kunye ne-hairspring zisetelwe ukungcangcazela, zixhaswa kuphela kwi-pivot ephantsi, kwaye amatye angaphezulu asusiwe, i-balance shaft iya kuzinza ngokumangalisayo.
Ivili lokulinganisela kunye ne-hairspring inephutha elikhulu lokudibanisa, njengoko kulindelekile kwi-hairspring enjalo emfutshane, kodwa esi siphumo siyancitshiswa ngobunzima be-tapered kunye nomsila omde we-hairspring.
Vumela umlindo ubaleke, uqhutywe ngokuthe ngqo kuloliwe, kwaye inqanaba elilandelayo kukwenza kunye nokufaka i-remontoir.I-axis yomjikelo wesine yindawo enomdla yeendlela ezintathu.Ngeli xesha, kukho amavili amathathu e-coaxial: ivili lesine, ivili le-counter kunye nemizuzwana ephakathi kwevili lokuqhuba.
Ivili lesithathu elisikwe ngaphakathi liqhuba ivili lesine ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ethi yona iqhube i-remontoir system equka ivili lokutshixa kunye ne-flywheel.Ivili le-gyro liqhutywa yi-spindle yesine nge-spring remontoir, kwaye ivili le-gyro liqhuba ivili lokuphunyuka.
Kumjikelo wesine uqhagamshelo, umqhubi unikezelwa kwi-remontoir, ivili lecontrate kunye neziko lesibini lesibini lokwakhiwa ngokutsha kweH4 kaDerek Pratt.
Kukho obhityileyo obhityileyo mandrel counterclockwise, edlula mandrel umngxuma wevili lesine, kwaye isandla sesibini ivili lokuqhuba ifakwe kwicala counterclockwise ukucofa.
Imithombo ye-Remontoir yenziwe kwi-mainspring yewotshi.Yi-1.45 mm ukuphakama, 0.08 mm ubukhulu, kwaye malunga ne-160 mm ubude.Intwasahlobo igxininiswe kwi-cage yobhedu efakwe kwi-axle yesine.Intwasahlobo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-cage njenge-coil evulekileyo, kungekhona eludongeni lombhobho njengoko idla ngokuba ngumbhobho wokubukela.Ukufezekisa oku, sasebenzisa into efana neyangaphambili esetyenziselwa ukwenza ibhalansi imithombo ukuze ibeke i-remontoir spring kwimilo echanekileyo.
Ukukhululwa kwe-Remontoir kulawulwa yi-pawl ejikelezayo, ivili lokutshixa kunye ne-flywheel esetyenziselwa ukulawula isantya sokubuyisela i-remontoir.I-pawl ineengalo ezintlanu ezifakwe kwi-mandrel;ingalo enye ibambe i-paw, kwaye i-paw idibanisa ne-pin yokukhulula kwi-mandrel echaseneyo.Xa umphezulu ujikelezisa, esinye sezikhonkwane saso siphakamisa ngobunono ipawl kwindawo apho enye ingalo ikhulula ivili lokutshixa.Ivili lokutshixa liyakwazi ukujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo ukujikela elinye ukuvumela intwasahlobo ukuba ibuye umva.
Ingalo yesithathu inerola ejikelezayo exhaswa kwikhamera ebekwe kwi-asi yokutshixa.Oku kugcina i-pawl kunye ne-pawl kude kwindlela ye-pin yokukhulula xa ukubuyisela umva kusenzeka, kwaye ivili elingasemva lihlala lijikeleza.Iingalo ezimbini eziseleyo kwi-pawl zi-counterweights ezilinganisa i-pawl.
Onke la macandelo abuthathaka kakhulu kwaye afuna ukufakwa ngononophelo ngesandla kunye nokuhlelwa, kodwa asebenza ngokwanelisayo kakhulu.Igqabi elibhabhayo liyi-0.1 mm ubukhulu, kodwa linommandla omkhulu;oku kungqineke kuliqhinga kuba umphathi ophakathi ngumntu onemozulu.
I-Remontoir yindlela ekrelekrele enika umdla kuba ibuyela umva rhoqo ngemizuzwana eyi-7.5, ukuze ungalindi ixesha elide!
NgoAprili 1891, uJames U. Poole wayilungisa ngokutsha iH4 yokuqala waza wabhala ingxelo ebangel’ umdla ngomsebenzi wakhe weWatch Magazine.Xa wayethetha ngomatshini we-remontoir, wathi: “UHarrison uchaza indlela emile ngayo iwotshi.Kwafuneka ndiphuthaphutha ndityhubela uthotho lwamalinge anzima, yaye kangangeentsuku eziliqela ndandinqwenela ukuphinda ndikwazi ukuphinda ndiludibanise.Uloliwe we-remontoir Isenzo siyamangalisa kangangokuba nokuba usiqwalasele ngononophelo, awukwazi ukusiqonda ngokuchanekileyo.Ndiyathandabuza ukuba ingaba luncedo ngokwenene na.”
Umntu olusizi!Ndithanda ukunyaniseka kwakhe okukhululekileyo emzabalazweni, mhlawumbi sonke siye saba nokukhathazeka okufanayo ebhentshini!
Iyure kunye nentshukumo yomzuzu yemveli, iqhutywa yigiya enkulu ebekwe kwi-spindle esembindini, kodwa isandla sesekondi esembindini sithwalwa livili eliphakathi kwegiya enkulu kunye nevili leyure.Ivili lemizuzwana esembindini lijikeleza kwigiya enkulu kwaye liqhutywa livili lokubala elifanayo elifakwe kwisiphelo sokucofa se-spindle.
Intshukumo kaDerek Pratt ye-H4 H4 ibonisa ukuqhuba kwegiya enkulu, ivili lomzuzu kunye nevili lesibini eliphakathi.
Ubunzulu bomqhubi wesandla sesibini esiphakathi bunzulu ngokusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba isandla sesibini asi "jitter" xa siqhuba, kodwa kufuneka sibaleke ngokukhululekileyo.Kwi-H4 yoqobo, i-diameter yevili lokuqhuba yi-0.11 mm enkulu kunolo lwevili eliqhutywayo, nangona inani lamazinyo lifana.Kubonakala ngathi ubunzulu benziwa ngamabomu kakhulu, kwaye ke ivili eliqhutywayo "liphezulu" ukubonelela ngeqondo elifunekayo lenkululeko.Silandele inkqubo efanayo ukuvumela ukubaleka simahla kunye nokukhutshwa okuncinci.
Sebenzisa isixhobo sokucofa ukufumana eyona nto incinci yokubuyela umva xa uqhuba imizuzwana esembindini yesandla seDerek Pratt H4
UDerek uye wagqiba izandla ezintathu, kodwa bafuna ukulungiswa.UDaniela wasebenza kwizandla zeyure kunye nemizuzu, wapholisha, emva koko waqina kwaye wacaphuka, kwaye ekugqibeleni wafaka ityuwa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Isandla semizuzwana esembindini sikhazimlisiwe endaweni yeblue.
U-Harrison ekuqaleni wayecebe ukusebenzisa i-rack kunye ne-pinion adjuster kwi-H4, eyayixhaphake kwiiwotshi zexesha, kwaye njengoko kubonisiwe komnye wemizobo eyenziwa xa iKomiti yoLongithophu ihlola iwotshi.Kumele ukuba wayeyiyekile i-rack kwangethuba, nangona wayeyisebenzisile kwiiwotshi ze-Jeffery kwaye wasebenzisa i-bimetallic compensator okokuqala kwi-H3.
UDerek wayefuna ukuzama eli lungiselelo kwaye wenza i-rack kunye ne-pinion kwaye waqala ukwenza i-curbs yokubuyisela.
I-H4 yoqobo isenayo i-pinion yokufaka ipleyiti yokulungelelanisa, kodwa ayinayo i-rack.Ekubeni i-H4 ingenayo ngoku irack, kugqitywe ekubeni kwenziwe ikopi.Nangona i-rack kunye ne-pinion kulula ukuyilungisa, i-Harrison kufuneka ifumene kulula ukuyihambisa kunye nokuphazamisa isantya.Umlindo ngoku unokulimala ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ufakwe ngokucophelela kwi-balance spring stud.Indlela yokunyuka kwe-stud inokulungiswa kuyo nayiphi na indlela;oku kunceda ukubeka embindini wentwasahlobo ukuze ibha yokulinganisela ime nkqo xa uphumle.
I-curb ehlaziywe ngeqondo lokushisa iquka ubhedu kunye nemivalo yensimbi ehlanganiswe kunye ne-rivets eyi-15.I-pin ye-curb ekupheleni kwe-curb yembuyekezo ijikeleze intwasahlobo.Njengoko iqondo lokushisa liphakama, i-curb iya kugoba ukuze inciphise ubude obusebenzayo bentwasahlobo.
UHarrison wayenethemba lokusebenzisa imilo yomva wetreyi ukulungelelanisa iimpazamo ze-isochronous, kodwa wafumanisa ukuba oku akwanelanga, kwaye wongeza oko wayekubiza ngokuba yi-pin "cycloid".Oku kulungelelaniswa ukwenza uqhagamshelwano nomsila we-balance spring kwaye ukhawuleze ukunyakaza nge-amplitude ekhethiweyo.
Ngeli nqanaba, ipleyiti ephezulu inikezelwa kuCharles Scarr ngokukrola.UDerek wayecele ukuba i-nameplate ibhalwe njengeyokuqala, kodwa igama lakhe lalikrolwe kumda webhodi yokutyibiliza esecaleni komsayino kaHarrison nakwibhulorho yevili lesithathu.Umbhalo ufundeka: "UDerek Pratt 2004-Chas Frodsham & Co AD2014."
Umbhalo: “UDerek Pratt 2004 – Chas Frodsham & Co 2014″, esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweH4 kaDerek Pratt
Emva kokuzisa i-balance spring kufuphi nobukhulu bentwasahlobo yokuqala, ixesha lokubukela ngokususa izinto ukusuka ezantsi kwe-balance, ukwenza ibhalansi ibe yincinci ukuvumela oku.I-Witschi watch timer iluncedo kakhulu kulo mba kuba inokusetwa ukulinganisa ukuphindaphinda kwewotshi emva kohlengahlengiso ngalunye.
Oku kuncinci okungaqhelekanga, kodwa kunika indlela yokulinganisa ibhalansi enkulu kangaka.Njengoko ubunzima buhamba kancinci ukusuka ezantsi kwevili lokulinganisa, i-frequency yayisondela amaxesha angama-18,000 ngeyure, kwaye emva koko isibali-xesha sibekwe kwi-18,000 kwaye impazamo yewotshi yayinokufundwa.
Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa umkhondo wewotshi xa iqala ukusuka kwi-amplitude ephantsi kwaye ngokukhawuleza izinzile kwi-amplitude yayo yokusebenza kwinqanaba elizinzileyo.Umkhondo ubonisa kwakhona ukuba i-remontoir ibuyisela umva yonke imizuzwana ye-7.5.Iwotshi iye yavavanywa kwisibali-xesha esidala seGreiner Chronographic sisebenzisa umkhondo wephepha.Lo matshini unomsebenzi wokucwangcisa ukubaleka kade.Xa umxhesho wephepha ucotha ngokuphindwe kashumi, impazamo yandiswa kalishumi.Esi sicwangciso senza kube lula ukuvavanya iwotshi kangangeyure okanye ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokutshona kubunzulu bephepha!
Uvavanyo lwexesha elide lubonise utshintsho kwisantya, kwaye lwafumanisa ukuba iziko lesibini lokuqhuba libaluleke kakhulu, kuba lifuna ioyile kwigiya enkulu, kodwa kufuneka ibe yioyile elula kakhulu, ukuze ingabangeli ukuxhathisa kakhulu kwaye ukunciphisa uluhlu lokulinganisela .Ioli yokubukela i-viscosity ephantsi kakhulu esinokuyifumana yi-Moebius D1, ene-viscosity ye-32 centistokes kwi-20 ° C;oku kusebenza kakuhle.
Iwotshi ayinalo uhlengahlengiso lwexesha eliqhelekileyo njengoko yafakwa kamva kwi-H5, ngoko kulula ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwinaliti ye-cycloidal ukuze ulungelelanise isantya.Iphini ye-cycloidal yavavanywa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva yayiza kuchukumisa intwasahlobo ngexesha lokuphefumula kwayo, kwaye kwakukho izikhewu ezihlukeneyo kwiiphini ze-curb.
Kubonakala ngathi akukho ndawo ifanelekileyo, kodwa isetiwe apho izinga lotshintsho nge-amplitude lincinci.Utshintsho kwisantya kunye ne-amplitude lubonisa ukuba i-remontoir iyimfuneko ukugudisa i-balance pulse.Ngokungafaniyo noJames Poole, sicinga ukuba i-remontoir iluncedo ngokwenene!
Iwotshi ibisele isebenza ngoJanuwari 2014, kodwa kusafuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso.Amandla akhoyo okuphunyuka axhomekeke kwimithombo emine eyahlukeneyo kwiwotshi, yonke into ekufuneka ilungelelaniswe kunye nomnye: i-mainspring, i-power spring, i-remontoir spring, kunye ne-balance spring.I-mainspring inokumiselwa njengoko ifunwa, kwaye ke i-spring yokubamba enikezela i-torque xa i-watch inxeba kufuneka ibe yanele ukuqinisa ngokupheleleyo i-spring remontoir.
I-amplitude yevili lokulinganisela kuxhomekeke ekubekweni kwentwasahlobo ye-remontoir.Olunye uhlengahlengiso luyafuneka, ngakumbi phakathi kwentwasahlobo yokugcina kunye ne-remontoir spring, ukuze ufumane ibhalansi echanekileyo kwaye ufumane amandla okwaneleyo ekuphunyukeni.Uhlengahlengiso ngalunye lwentwasahlobo yolondolozo luthetha ukuqhawula yonke iwotshi.
NgoFebruwari 2014, iwotshi yaya eGreenwich ukuze ifotwe kwaye ifotwe kumboniso othi “Explore Longitude-Ship Clock and Stars”.Ividiyo yokugqibela eboniswe kulo mboniso yayichaza kakuhle iwotshi yaza yabonisa zonke iinxalenye ezihlanganiswayo.
Ixesha lovavanyo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba iwotshi ihanjiswe eGreenwich ngoJuni 2014. Kwakungekho xesha lokuvavanya ubushushu obufanelekileyo kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba iwotshi yayihlawulwe kakhulu, kodwa yaqhuba iworkshop kwiqondo lokushisa elilinganayo. .Xa yayisebenza ingaphazamiseki iintsuku ezili-9, yayihlala ngaphakathi okanye thabatha imizuzwana emibini ngosuku.Ukuze uphumelele ibhaso le-£ 20,000, kufuneka ugcine ixesha ngaphakathi okanye uthabathe imizuzwana ye-2.8 ngosuku ngexesha lohambo lweeveki ezintandathu ukuya e-West Indies.
Ukugqibezela iH4 kaDerek Pratt ibisoloko iyiprojekthi enika umdla nemingeni emininzi.EFrodshams, sihlala sinika uDerek olona vavanyo luphezulu, nokuba ngumenzi weewotshi okanye njengomdibanisi othandekayo.Usoloko ebelana ngolwazi kunye nexesha lokunceda abanye ngesisa.
Umsebenzi wezandla kaDerek ubalasele, kwaye nangona kukho imingeni emininzi, uye wachitha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla ekuhambiseleni phambili iprojekthi yakhe ye-H4.Sicinga ukuba uya kwaneliseka ngumphumo wokugqibela kwaye uyakuvuyela ukubonisa umlindo kumntu wonke.
Iwotshi yaboniswa eGreenwich ukusuka ngoJulayi 2014 ukuya kuJanuwari ka-2015 nazo zontlanu izibali zakuqala zaseHarrison kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi enomdla.Lo mboniso uqale ukhenketho lwehlabathi nge-H4 kaDerek, ukuqala ngoMatshi ukuya kuSeptemba 2015 kwiThala leencwadi iFolger Shakespeare eWashington, DC;ilandelwa yiMystic Seaport, Connecticut, ukususela ngoNovemba 2015 ukuya ku-Aprili 2016;ke Ukususela ngoMeyi 2016 ukuya ku-Oktobha 2016, ukuya e-Australian Maritime Museum eSydney.
Ukugqityezelwa kwe-H4 kaDerek ibiyinzame yeqela ngumntu wonke eFrodshams.Siphinde safumana uncedo oluxabisekileyo oluvela ku-Anthony Randall, uJonathan Hird kunye nabanye abantu abakwishishini lokubukela abancedise uDerek kunye nathi ekugqibezeleni le projekthi.Ndingathanda nokubulela uMartin Dorsch ngoncedo lwakhe ngokufota la manqaku.
UQuill & Pad ungathanda ukubulela iThe Horological Journal ngokusivumela ukuba siphinde sipapashe amanqaku amathathu kolu ngcelele apha.Ukuba uziphosile, usenokuthanda: Ubomi kunye namaxesha omlindi ozimeleyo odumileyo uDerek Pratt (Derek Pratt) Ukwakha kwakhona uJohn Harrison (John Harrison) ) H4, ikhronometer yokuqala echanekileyo yehlabathi (inxalenye 1 yesi-3) kaDerek Pratt (Derek Pratt) ukwakha ngokutsha uJohn Harrison (uJohn Harrison) ukwenza itreyi yedayimane i-H4, i-chronometer yokuqala yehlabathi echanekileyo (inxalenye yesi-2 yesi-3)
Uxolo.Ndikhangela umhlobo wam wasesikolweni uMartin Dorsch, ngumenzi weewotshi waseJamani waseRegensburg.Ukuba uyamazi, ungamxelela iinkcukacha zam zoqhagamshelwano?Enkosi!UZheng Junyu