Le teknoloji yokugcina amandla iphumelele iMbasa ye-EU ye-2022 ye-Innovation eBalaseleyo, amaxesha angama-40 aphantsi kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Ugcino lwamandla obushushu kusetyenziswa isilicon kunye neferrosilicon njengoko indawo ephakathi inokugcina amandla ngexabiso elingaphantsi kwe-4 euros ngekilowatt-yure nganye, amaxesha angama-100.

Ixabiso eliphantsi kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion esisigxina yangoku.Emva kokongeza isikhongozeli kunye ne-insulation layer, ixabiso lilonke linokuba malunga nee-euro ezili-10 nge-kilowatt-yure nganye,

enexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunebhetri ye-lithium ye-euro ezingama-400 nge-kilowatt-yure nganye.

Ukuphuhlisa amandla ahlaziyekayo, ukwakha iinkqubo zamandla amatsha kunye nokuxhasa ukugcinwa kwamandla ngumqobo omele woyiswe.

Ubume bombane obuphuma ngaphandle kwebhokisi kunye nokuguquguquka kokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo afana ne-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya enza unikezelo kunye nemfuno

yombane ngamanye amaxesha ayifani.Okwangoku, ummiselo onjalo unokuhlengahlengiswa ngamalahle kunye negesi yendalo yokuvelisa amandla okanye umbane wamanzi ukuphumeza uzinzo.

kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla.Kodwa kwixa elizayo, ngokurhoxiswa kwamandla efosili kunye nokwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

uqwalaselo ngundoqo.

Itekhnoloji yogcino lwamandla yahlulwe ikakhulu kugcino lwamandla omzimba, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical, ukugcinwa kwamandla obushushu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ekhemikhali.

Okufana nokugcinwa kwamandla ngoomatshini kunye nogcino olumponthiweyo lulobuchwephesha bokugcina amandla ngokwasemzimbeni.Le ndlela yokugcina amandla inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye

uguqulo olusulungekileyo, kodwa iprojekthi inkulu ngokwentelekiso, inyanzelwa yindawo yejografi, kwaye ixesha lokwakha lide kakhulu.Kunzima uku

ukuziqhelanisa nencopho yokucheba imfuno yamandla ahlaziyekayo kuphela ngokugcinwa okumponthiweyo.

Okwangoku, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical kuyathandwa, kwaye ikwayeyona ikhula ngokukhawuleza itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla kwihlabathi.Amandla e-Electrochemical

ugcino lusekelwe ikakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakelweyo wogcino lwamandla amatsha emhlabeni udlule kwizigidi ezingama-25.

kilowatts, apho isabelo semarike yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion sifikelele kwi-90%.Oku kubangelwa uphuhliso olukhulu lwezithuthi zombane, ezibonelela a

Imeko enkulu yesicelo sorhwebo yogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical esekelwe kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion, njengohlobo lwebhetri yemoto, ayikho ingxaki enkulu, kodwa kuya kubakho iingxaki ezininzi xa kuziwa.

ukuxhasa umgangatho wegridi yokugcina amandla ixesha elide.Enye yingxaki yokhuseleko kunye neendleko.Ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium ion zifakwe kwisikali esikhulu, iindleko ziya kuphindaphinda,

kunye nokhuseleko olubangelwa kukuqokelelwa kobushushu kwakhona yingozi enkulu efihliweyo.Enye into yokuba izixhobo ze-lithium zincinci kakhulu, kwaye izithuthi zombane azonelanga,

kunye nemfuno yokugcina amandla ixesha elide ayinakufezekiswa.

Indlela yokusombulula ezi ngxaki zisengqiqweni nezingxamisekileyo?Ngoku izazinzulu ezininzi zijolise kwi-teknoloji yokugcina amandla e-thermal.Ugqatso lwenziwe ngaphakathi

iiteknoloji ezifanelekileyo kunye nophando.

NgoNovemba 2022, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yabhengeza iprojekthi ephumelele ibhaso le "EU 2022 Innovation Radar Award", apho "AMADEUS"

Iprojekthi yebhetri ephuhliswe liqela leMadrid Institute of Technology eSpain iphumelele iMbasa ye-EU eGqwesileyo ngo-2022.

"I-Amadeus" yimodeli yebhetri eguqukayo.Le projekthi, ejolise ukugcina isixa esikhulu samandla kumandla avuselelekayo, yakhethwa yiYurophu

IKomishini njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ngo-2022.

Olu hlobo lwebhetri oluyilwe liqela lenzululwazi yaseSpain lugcina amandla agqithisileyo avelisiweyo xa amandla elanga okanye omoya ephezulu ngendlela yamandla ashushu.

Obu bushushu busetyenziselwa ukufudumeza into (i-silicon alloy ifundwa kule projekthi) ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1000 degrees Celsius.Inkqubo iqulethe isikhongozeli esikhethekileyo esine

i-thermal photovoltaic plate ijonge ngaphakathi, enokukhulula inxalenye yamandla agciniweyo xa imfuno yamandla iphezulu.

Abaphandi basebenzisa umzekeliso ukucacisa le nkqubo: “Kufana nokubeka ilanga ebhokisini.”Isicwangciso sabo sinokuguqula ugcino lwamandla.Inesakhono esikhulu soku

ukufezekisa le njongo kwaye ibe yinto ephambili ekujonganeni nokutshintsha kwemozulu, okwenza iprojekthi ye-"Amadeus" ivelele kwiiprojekthi ezingaphezu kwama-300 ezifakiwe.

kwaye iphumelele iMbasa ye-EU eBalaseleyo yokuPhucula.

Umququzeleli we-EU Innovation Radar Award ucacisile: “Inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba libonelela ngenkqubo enexabiso eliphantsi enokugcina isixa esikhulu samandla ombane.

ixesha elide.Inoxinano oluphezulu lwamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi, kwaye isebenzisa izinto ezaneleyo nezinexabiso eliphantsi.Yinkqubo yeemodyuli, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye inokubonelela

ubushushu obucocekileyo nombane xa ufunwa.”

Ke, le teknoloji isebenza njani?Zeziphi iimeko zesicelo sexesha elizayo kunye namathemba orhwebo?

Ukuyibeka ngokulula, le nkqubo isebenzisa amandla agqithileyo aveliswa ngamandla ahlaziyekayo ngamaxesha athile (njengamandla elanga okanye amandla omoya) ukunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezinexabiso eliphantsi,

njengesilicon okanye i-ferrosilicon, kwaye ubushushu bungaphezulu kwe-1000 ℃.I-silicon alloy inokugcina umthamo omkhulu wamandla kwinkqubo yayo yokudibanisa.

Olu hlobo lwamandla lubizwa ngokuba “bubushushu obufihlakeleyo”.Umzekelo, ilitha yesilicon (malunga ne-2.5 kg) igcina ngaphezu kwe-1 kilowatt-yure (1 kilowatt-yure) yamandla ekwimo.

yobushushu obufihliweyo, obungamandla kanye aqulethwe kwilitha ye-hydrogen kuxinzelelo lwebhari engama-500.Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-hydrogen, i-silicon inokugcinwa phantsi kwe-atmospheric

uxinzelelo, okwenza inkqubo ingabizi kwaye ikhuseleke.

Isitshixo senkqubo yindlela yokuguqula ubushushu obugciniweyo bube ngamandla ombane.Xa isilicon inyibilika kubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-1000 º C, ikhanya njengelanga.

Ngoko ke, iiseli ze-photovoltaic zingasetyenziselwa ukuguqula ukushisa okukhazimulayo kumandla ombane.

I-generator ebizwa ngokuba yi-thermal photovoltaic generator ifana nesixhobo esincinci se-photovoltaic, esinokuvelisa amaxesha angama-100 ngaphezu kwezityalo zamandla elanga.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba i-square meter ye-solar panels ivelisa i-200 watts, enye i-square meter ye-thermal photovoltaic panels iya kuvelisa i-kilowatts ezingama-20.Kwaye hayi kuphela

amandla, kodwa kwakhona impumelelo yokuguqulwa iphezulu.Ukusebenza kweeseli ze-thermal photovoltaic ziphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-40%, exhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa.

yomthombo wobushushu.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic zentengiso ziphakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-20%.

Ukusetyenziswa kwejenereyitha ye-photovoltaic ye-thermal endaweni ye-injini ye-thermal yendabuko igwema ukusetyenziswa kweendawo ezihambayo, ulwelo kunye nokutshintsha ubushushu obuyinkimbinkimbi.Ngele ndlela,

yonke inkqubo inoqoqosho, ibambene kwaye ingabina ngxolo.

Ngokophando, iiseli ze-thermal photovoltaic ezifihlakeleyo zinokugcina isixa esikhulu samandla ahlaziyiweyo aseleyo.

UAlejandro Data, umphengululi owayekhokela eli phulo, wathi: “Inxalenye enkulu yalo mbane iya kuveliswa xa kukho intsalela yombane owenziwe ngomoya nomoya;

ngoko iya kuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwimarike yombane.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina lo mbane ugqithileyo kwisixokelelwano esingabizi kakhulu.Kunentsingiselo kakhulu uku

gcina umbane oshiyekileyo ukwimo yobushushu, kuba yenye yezona ndlela ziphantsi zokugcina amandla.”

2. Ixabiso lamaxesha angama-40 kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion

Ngokukodwa, i-silicon kunye ne-ferrosilicon inokugcina amandla ngexabiso elingaphantsi kwe-4 ye-euro nge-kilowatt-yure, exabiso eliphindwe ka-100 kune-lithium-ion emiselweyo yangoku.

ibhetri.Emva kokongeza isikhongozeli kunye ne-insulation layer, ixabiso lilonke liya kuba phezulu.Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kophononongo, ukuba inkqubo inkulu ngokwaneleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu

ngaphezu kweeyure ze-megawatt ezili-10, mhlawumbi iya kufikelela kwiindleko malunga ne-euro ezili-10 ngeyure nganye ye-kilowatt, kuba iindleko zokufakelwa kwe-thermal ziya kuba yinxalenye encinci yetotali.

iindleko zenkqubo.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lebhetri ye-lithium malunga ne-euro ye-400 nge-kilowatt-yure.

Ingxaki enye le nkqubo ijongene nayo yeyokuba yindawo encinci kuphela yobushushu obugciniweyo obuguqulwa bubuyele kumbane.Yintoni ukuguqulwa ngempumelelo kule nkqubo?Kwenziwa kanjani

sebenzisa amandla obushushu aseleyo yingxaki engundoqo.

Noko ke, abaphandi beli qela bakholelwa ukuba ezi asizongxaki.Ukuba inkqubo inexabiso eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo, kuphela 30-40% amandla kufuneka zibuyiswe ngohlobo

umbane, oya kubenza baphakame kunezinye iteknoloji ezibiza kakhulu, ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Ukongeza, i-60-70% eseleyo yobushushu engaguqulwanga ibe ngumbane inokutshintshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwizakhiwo, iifektri okanye izixeko ukunciphisa amalahle kunye nendalo.

ukusetyenziswa kwegesi.

Ubushushu bubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50% yemfuno yamandla ehlabathi kunye ne-40% yekharbon diokside ekhutshwayo.Ngale ndlela, ukugcina umoya okanye amandla e-photovoltaic kwi-latent

iiseli ze-thermal photovoltaic azikwazi nje ukugcina iindleko ezininzi, kodwa zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno enkulu yokushisa kwimarike ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo.

3. Imingeni kunye nethemba elizayo

Itekhnoloji entsha yokugcina i-thermal photovoltaic ye-thermal eyilwe liqela leYunivesithi yaseMadrid yeTekhnoloji, esebenzisa izinto ze-silicon alloy, iye

iingenelo kwiindleko eziphathekayo, ubushushu bokugcina i-thermal kunye nexesha lokugcina amandla.I-silicon yinto yesibini egcwele kakhulu emhlabeni.Iindleko

ngetoni nganye yesanti ye-silica yi-30-50 yeedola kuphela, eyi-1/10 yezinto ezityhidiweyo zetyuwa.Ukongeza, umahluko wobushushu bokugcina thermal kwisanti silica

amasuntswana aphezulu kakhulu kunetyuwa etyhidiweyo, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza buphezulu bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-1000 ℃.Ubushushu bokusebenza obuphezulu kwakhona

inceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla ephotothermal.

Iqela likaDatus aliyena yedwa obona amandla e-thermal photovoltaic cells.Baneentshaba ezimbini ezinamandla: iMassachusetts Institute of

Itekhnoloji kunye neCalifornia yokuqalisa iAntola Energy.Le yokugqibela igxile kuphando kunye nophuhliso lweebhetri ezinkulu ezisetyenziswa kwishishini elinzima (elikhulu

ifosili yamafutha ombane), kwaye yafumana US $50 yezigidi ukugqiba uphando ngoFebruwari kulo nyaka.I-Bill Gates' Breakthrough Energy Fund ibonelele

imali yotyalo-mali.

Abaphandi baseMassachusetts Institute of Technology bathi imodeli yabo ye-thermal photovoltaic cell ikwazile ukusebenzisa kwakhona i-40% yamandla asetyenziselwa ukutshisa.

izixhobo zangaphakathi zebhetri yeprototype.Bacacisa: “Oku kudala indlela yokusebenza ngempumelelo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina amandla obushushu,

ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukukhupha igridi yamandla.

Iprojekthi yeZiko leTekhnoloji yaseMadrid ayikwazanga ukulinganisa ipesenti yamandla enokuyibuyisela, kodwa iphezulu kunemodeli yaseMelika.

kwinkalo enye.U-Alejandro Data, umphandi owayekhokela le projekthi, wachaza: "Ukuze ufezekise oku kusebenza kakuhle, iprojekthi ye-MIT kufuneka inyuse ubushushu

2400 degrees.Ibhetri yethu isebenza kwii-1200 degrees.Kweli qondo lobushushu, ukusebenza kakuhle kuya kuba sezantsi kunokwabo, kodwa sineengxaki ezincinci zokugquma ubushushu.

Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina izixhobo kwii-2400 degrees ngaphandle kokubangela ukulahleka kobushushu.

Ewe, le teknoloji isafuna utyalo-mali oluninzi ngaphambi kokungena kwimarike.Iprototype yangoku yelabhoratri ingaphantsi kwe-1 kWh yokugcina amandla

amandla, kodwa ukwenza obu buchwepheshe bube nenzuzo, budinga ngaphezulu kwe-10 MWh yomthamo wokugcina amandla.Ngoko ke, umngeni olandelayo kukwandisa isikali se

itekhnoloji kunye nokuvavanya ukwenzeka kwayo kwinqanaba elikhulu.Ukuze kufezekiswe oku, abaphandi abavela kwiMadrid Institute of Technology baye bakha amaqela

ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke.