一、 Isixhobo esingundoqo somgca wothumelo lwamandla:

Umgca wothumelo lwamandla liziko lamandla elisebenzisa izithinteli kunye nehardware ehambelanayo ukunqumamisa ii-conductor kunye ne-overhead.

iingcingo zomhlaba kwiipali kunye neenqaba, zidibanisa izityalo zombane kunye nezikhululo ezincinci, kwaye zifezekise injongo yokuhanjiswa kwamandla.Ubukhulu becala

yenziwe ngumqhubi, ucingo olungaphezulu komhlaba, i-insulator, i-hardware, inqaba, isiseko, isixhobo sokumisa, njl.

1. I-Conductor: umsebenzi wayo ikakhulu ukuhambisa amandla ombane.I-conductor yomgca iya kuba ne-conductivity efanelekileyo, i-mechanical eyaneleyo

amandla, ukungcangcazela ukuxhathisa ukudinwa kunye nokumelana nokubola kokungcola kweekhemikhali emoyeni.Iya kuba luhlobo lomqhubi oludityanisiweyo

yenziwe ngabaqhubi ababini okanye abane kwisigaba ngasinye.

2. Ucingo olungaphezulu komhlaba: lusetyenziselwa ukhuseleko lombane.Ngenxa yokukhuselwa kocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kumqhubi kunye ne

ukudibanisa phakathi komqhubi kunye nocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba, ithuba lokubetha umbane ngokuthe ngqo kumqhubi unokuncitshiswa.Nini

Umbane ubetha inqaba, inxalenye yombane okhoyo unokuphambukiswa ngocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa umphezulu wenqaba.

okunokwenzeka kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokumelana nombane.Ucingo olungaphezulu komhlaba ludla ngokuba ngumsonto wentsimbi.Okwangoku, kuhle

Iikondaktara ezinje ngentsimbi enecored aluminiyam strand kunye ne aluminium clad steel strand zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukugqithiswa kwamandla ombane.

kunye ne-arc yesibini yangoku kwimeko ye-asymmetric short circuit.Intambo yocingo edibanisa phezulu iya kusetyenziselwa abo bane

umsebenzi wonxibelelwano.

3. I-Insulator: Ibhekisa kwinto elungisa kwaye imise umqhubi kwinqaba.I-insulators eziqhelekileyo kwiintambo zokuhambisa amandla

zibandakanya: i-disc porcelain insulator, i-disc glass insulator kunye ne-rod suspension composite insulator.

(1) I-Disc porcelain insulator: i-porcelain insulator yasekhaya inezinga eliphezulu lokuhla, elifuna ukufunyanwa kwexabiso elingu-zero kunye nobunzima.

ukugcinwa.Xa kuthe kwakho umbane kunye ne-flashover yongcoliseko, kulula ukubangela iingozi zokuwisa umtya, eziye zacinywa.

(2) I-Disc glass insulator: Ine-zero value self explosion, kodwa izinga lokuziqhusheka lisezantsi kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo ishumi lamawaka aliqela).Akukho kuhlolwa

iyafuneka kulondolozo.Kwimeko yokudubula kweglasi epholileyo, amandla ayo omatshini ashiyekileyo asafikelela ngaphezulu kwama-80%

ukuphulwa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo komgca kusenokuqinisekiswa.Kwimeko yokubetha umbane kunye nokudanyaza kongcoliseko, akuyi kubakho

Ingozi yetsheyini yokuwisa.Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo zogutyulo lweBanga I no-II.

3

amandla, ulondolozo oluncinci, njl. njl., kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiBanga lesi-III nangaphezulu kweendawo zongcoliseko.

4. Hardware

Ukufakelwa komgca wothumelo lwamandla kunokwahlulwa kube: uhlobo lweclamp, izifakelo zoqhagamshelo, izixhobo zoqhagamshelo, izixhobo ezikhuselayo kunye nocingo lokutsala.

izixhobo ngokuhambelana nokusebenza kwazo okuphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa.

(1) Uhlobo lwebamba lokubamba: ibamba lokunqunyanyiswa: lisetyenziselwa ukulungisa umqhubi kumtya wokuxhoma wesigqubuthelo sepali ye-tangent kunye nenqaba, okanye ukuxhoma intambo

ucingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kwinkxaso yocingo lomhlaba ongaphezulu lwepali ye-tangent kunye nenqaba.

I-Strain clamp: isetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-conductor okanye ucingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kumtya wesithinteli soxinzelelo lwe-ankile.Kukho iindidi ezintathu

ye-strain clamps, ezizezi: i-bolt type strain clamps;Uxinzelelo lohlobo loxinzelelo;I-Wedge clamp.I-Bolt yohlobo lwe-strain clamp: isetyenziselwa ukulungisa i

i-conductor ngenxa yempembelelo ye-friction eyenziwa luxinzelelo oluthe nkqo lwe-screw ene-U kunye ne-wavy groove ye-clamp.Uhlobo loxinzelelo

i-tension clamp: yenziwe ityhubhu ye-aluminium kunye ne-anchor yentsimbi.I-anchor yensimbi isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kunye ne-anchor core yensimbi yentsimbi

cored aluminiyam umcu, kwaye emva koko ugqume umzimba ityhubhu aluminiyam ukwenza iplastiki yentsimbi deformation ngoxinzelelo, ukuze ibamba ucingo.

kwaye umqhubi udityaniswe ngokupheleleyo.Xa kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, i-mold yensimbi eneenkcukacha ezihambelanayo iya kusetyenziswa

ukwenzela ucinezelo ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic.Xa kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo lweziqhushumbisi, intambo yocingo kunye ne-conductor (umcingo ongaphezulu komhlaba) ingaba

icinezelwe ngokupheleleyo ngoxinzelelo oluphambili lwesiqhushumbisi okanye uxinzelelo lwesibini lokudubula.

I-Wedge clamp: isetyenziselwa ukufakela umtya wentsimbi kwaye ubotshelelwe ucingo lokuhlala locingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kunye nenqaba yokuhlala.Isebenzisa amandla okucanda kweweji

ukutshixa umtya wentsimbi kwibamba.

(2) Ukudibanisa i-hardware: i-hardware yokudibanisa isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umtya we-insulator kunye nenqaba, i-wire clamp kunye nentambo ye-insulator, umhlaba ongaphezulu.

ibamba yocingo kunye nenqaba.Izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezixhaphakileyo zibandakanya umsesane ojingayo webhola, intloko yesitya ejingayo, i-U-shaped hanging ring,

ipleyiti ejingayo ye-engile yasekunene, njl.

(3) Izixhobo zokudibanisa: ezisetyenziselwa ukudityaniswa kwee-conductor, iingcingo ezingaphezulu komhlaba kunye ne-jumpers yeepali zoxinzelelo kunye neenqaba.Igqityiwe

Ufakelo loqhagamshelo lubandakanya: izifakelo zoqhagamshelo loxinzelelo lwamanzi, izifakelo zoqhagamshelo lwe-hydraulic, izifakelo zoqhagamshelo lwebholithi, uxinzelelo oluqhushumbayo.

izixhobo zoqhagamshelwano.

(4) Izixhobo ezikhuselayo: ihamile enganyangekiyo, intonga yesikrweqe kunye nocingo lokumanzisa olusetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-conductor kunye nocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba ekungcangcazeleni;

I-Spacer esetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-subspan vibration;Umsesane okhuselayo kunye nomsesane wokulinganisa usetyenziselwa ukukhusela umtya wesigqubuthelo kwi-corona.

(5) I-Hardware yocingo lokuhlala: i-hardware yokulungelelanisa kunye nokuzinzisa i-tower ukuhlala ucingo lubandakanya: i-clamp yohlobo lwe-UT ehlengahlengiswayo;Steel wire clamp, kwaye kabini

ukutsala ipleyiti yocingo, njl.

5. Inqaba:

IiTowers zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa abaqhubi bemigca ephezulu kunye neengcingo ezingaphezulu komhlaba, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umgama wokhuseleko owaneleyo phakathi

iiconductors kunye neeconductors, phakathi kweeconductors kunye neengcingo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, phakathi kweeconductors neetower, naphakathi kweeconductors kunye neeconductors.

umhlaba kunye nezinto ezinqumlayo.

6. Isiseko:

Isiseko sisetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa inqaba kwaye sinokuthwala amandla okunyusa, ukuthoba kunye nomzuzu wokubhukuqa owenziwe yimithwalo eyahlukeneyo.

yenqaba, i-conductor kunye nocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba.

Isiseko esenziwe kwangaphambili siya kusetyenziswa kwiipali kunye neengcingo zokuhlala.Isiseko sekonkrithi esomeleleyo okanye isiseko sekonkrithi kufuneka

isetyenziswe kwinqaba yentsimbi.Ukuba kunokwenzeka, isiseko esingaphazanyiswa siya kukhethwa.Kubandakanya: isiseko samatye, isiseko esandisiweyo semfumba ngoomatshini,

isiseko esisikiweyo (isiqingatha sokusika), isiseko semfumba esiqhumayo kunye nesiseko semfumba esikruqukileyo.

7. Isixhobo sokuthoba:

Ikakhulu iqulunqwe ngumgangatho osezantsi odibanisa ucingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kunye nomzimba wokumisa (ipali) ongcwatywe kumhlaba wenqaba.

Umsebenzi oyintloko wesixhobo sokumisa kukusasaza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukhuphe umbane okhoyo emhlabeni, ukuze kugcinwe umbane othile.

ukumelana nenqanaba lomgca.Okukhona kuncinci ukuchasana kokumiswa kwenqaba, kokukhona umbane uphezulu ukumelana nenqanaba.

二、 Isigama seentambo zothumelo lwamandla

1. I-Span: umgama othe tye othe tye phakathi kweenqaba ezimbini ezimeleneyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-span, uchazwa ngokubanzi ngo-L.

2. I-Sag: yemigca emiswe ngokuthe tye, umgama othe nkqo phakathi komgca wokudityaniswa othe tye phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezimeleneyo zokunqunyanyiswa.

umqhubi kunye neyona ndawo iphantsi yomqhubi ibizwa ngokuba yi-sag okanye i-sag.Ichazwe ngu f.

3. Umda womgama: umgama omncinci phakathi komqhubi kunye nomhlaba okanye izixhobo ezinqamlezileyo.Ubuncinane bomgama ovumelekileyo ukusuka kwi

eyona ndawo iphantsi yomgca wesikhokelo jikelele ukuya emhlabeni, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe ngo-h.

4. Isithuba esithe tyaba: isiqingatha sesixa sezithuba ezibini ezicanayo sibizwa ngokuba yi-horizontal span, edla ngokuchazwa njenge.

5. Isithuba esithe nkqo: umgama othe tye phakathi kwezona ndawo zisezantsi zomqhubi phakathi kwezithuba ezibini ezimeleneyo, ezibizwa ngokuba sisithuba esithe nkqo kunye

idla ngokubonakaliswa.

6. Ummeli we-span: kwicandelo loxinzelelo, kudla ngokubakho izithuba ezininzi ngaphandle kwe-arc nkqo.Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye nomhlaba

ukuwela ngumqhubi, ubungakanani bexesha ngalinye abulingani, ukuphakama kwendawo yokumiswa komqhubi kukwahlukile, kunye noxinzelelo lwe.

umqhubi kwisithuba ngasinye ukwahluka.Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo kunye ne-sag ye-conductor ihambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-span.Xa isithuba sitshintsha, i

uxinzelelo kunye ne-sag ye-conductor nayo iyatshintsha.Ukuba i-span nganye ibalwa enye nganye, ukubalwa komatshini womqhubi kuya kuba nzima.Nangona kunjalo,

abaqhubi besigaba esifanayo kwicandelo loxinzelelo baqiniswa kunye ngexesha lokwakha.Ngoko ke, ukuxhatshazwa okuthe tye komqhubi

ilingana kulo lonke icandelo loxinzelelo, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwe-conductor kwindawo ephantsi ye-sag ye-span nganye iyalingana.Sibuyisela i-multi-span tension

icandelo elinobude obulinganayo bentelekelelo.Esi sithuba sentelekelelo esinokuvakalisa wonke umthetho womatshini woxinzelelo ubizwa ngokuba yi-reprelent span okanye

ixesha eliqhelekileyo, kwaye limelwe yiLO.

7. Ukuphakama kwenqaba: umgama othe nkqo ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu yenqaba ukuya emhlabeni, ebizwa ngokuba yinqaba yokuphakama.Iboniswa ngu-H1.

8. Inqaba yokuphakama kwegama: umgama othe nkqo ukusuka kweyona ingalo isezantsi yomnqamlezo wenqaba ukuya emhlabeni ibizwa ngokuba yinqaba yokuphakama okuqhelekileyo, okubhekiselwa kuyo.

kubude obuqhelekileyo kwaye bubonakaliswe kwi-H2.

9. Ukuphakama kwendawo yokunqunyanyiswa: umgama othe nkqo ukusuka kwindawo yokunqunyanyiswa komqhubi ukuya emhlabeni, okubizwa ngokuba bubude bokunqunyanyiswa.

indawo yomqhubi kwaye imelwe yi-H3.

10. Umgca ukuya kumgca umgama: umgama othe tyaba phakathi kwezigaba ezibini zabancedisi, obizwa ngokuba ngumgca ukuya kumgama womgca, ochazwe ngo-D.

11. Ukuvulwa kweengcambu: umgama othe tyaba phakathi kweengcambu okanye unyawo lwenqaba yeepali zombane ezimbini, okubizwa ngokuba kukuvuleka kweengcambu.Imelwe ngu-A.

12. I-engile yokhuselo yocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba: i-engile equkiweyo phakathi komgca wokudityaniswa wangaphandle wocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kunye nomqhubi wecala kunye

umgca othe nkqo wocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba ubizwa ngokuba yi-engile yokukhusela yocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba.Ibonakaliswe ngaphakathi.

13. Ubunzulu bokungcwatywa kwepali kunye nenqaba: Ubunzulu bepali yombane (isiseko senqaba) esingcwatywe emhlabeni bubizwa ngokuba bubunzulu obungcwatyiweyo bepali kunye nenqaba.Yi

ibonakaliswe ngo-h0.

14. I-Jumper: i-lead edibanisa abaqhubi kumacala omabini enqaba ethwele umthwalo (uxinzelelo, ikona kunye ne-terminal tower) ibizwa ngokuba yi-jumper, nayo.

ebizwa ngokuba yi-drain wire okanye i-bow wire.

15. Ubude bokuqala bomqhubi: ukuguqulwa okusisigxina (ukwelula kunye ne-axis ye-conductor) okubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa kokuqala kwangaphandle komqhubi.

kubizwa ngokuba kukwandiswa kokuqala komqhubi.

16. Umqhubi we-bundled: umqhubi wesigaba esinye senziwe ngeengcingo ezininzi (2, 3, 4), ebizwa ngokuba yi-bundled conductor.Ilingana nokujiya

"ububanzi obulinganayo" bomqhubi, ukuphucula amandla entsimi yombane kufuphi nomqhubi, ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-corona, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwerediyo,

kunye nokuphucula umthamo wothumelo wentambo yothumelo.

17. Ukutshintshwa kwe-conductor: ilungiselelo lomqhubi wentambo yokuhambisa amandla, ngaphandle kwelungiselelo eliqhelekileyo likanxantathu, umgama.

phakathi kwabaqhubi abathathu akulingani.Ukusabela komqhubi kuxhomekeke kumgama phakathi kwemigca kunye ne-radius ye-conductor.

Ngoko ke, ukuba umqhubi akatshintshi, i-impedance yesigaba sesithathu ayilingani.Okukhona umgca usiba mde, kokukhona kubi kakhulu ukungalingani.

Ngenxa yoko, i-voltage engalinganiyo kunye nekhoyo iya kuveliswa, eya kuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwejeneretha kunye nonxibelelwano lwerediyo.

Inkcazo yoyilo lwentambo yothumelo ichaza ukuba "kuthungelwano lwamandla kunye nendawo engathathi hlangothi esekelwe ngokuthe ngqo, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla

Umgca onobude obungaphezulu kwe-100km uya kugqithiswa”.Ukutshintshwa kwe-conductor ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kwi-transposition tower.

18. I-conductor (yomhlaba) intshukumo yentambo: kwisithuba somgca, xa imigca engaphezulu iphantsi kwamandla omoya aphendicular ukuya kwicala lomgca, isitali.

i-vortex ene-frequency ethile etshintshana phezulu nasezantsi iya kwenziwa kwicala leeward lemigca ephezulu.Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo ye-vortex lift

icandelo, imigca engaphezulu iya kuvelisa i-oscillation ngamaxesha kwinqwelomoya ethe nkqo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-vibration yomgca ongaphezulu.