Ziziphi iinkcukacha kunye neemfuno zeukumiswa kombane?

Iindlela zokukhusela zokucwangciswa kwenkqubo yombane zibandakanya: ukumisa okukhuselekileyo, uxhulumaniso olungenacala olukhuselayo, ukusekwa okuphindaphindiweyo,

ukusebenza phantsi komhlaba, njl.njl. Uqhagamshelo lombane olulungileyo phakathi kwenxalenye yesixhobo sombane nomhlaba kuthiwa yi-grounding.Intsimbi

Ikhonduki okanye iqela lentsimbi elinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nomhlaba libizwa ngokuba ngumzimba osezantsi: umqhubi wentsimbi odibanisa umhlaba.

ukumisa inxalenye yesixhobo sombane kumzimba osezantsi kuthiwa yintambo yokumisa;Umzimba wokumisa kunye nocingo lokumisa

ngokudibeneyo ekubhekiselwa kuzo njengezixhobo zokubeka phantsi.

Ingcamango yokumisela kunye nohlobo

(1) Isiseko sokukhusela umbane: ukumisa phantsi ngenjongo yokuzisa ngokukhawuleza umbane emhlabeni kunye nokukhusela umonakalo wombane.

Ukuba isixhobo sokukhusela umbane sabelana ngegridi yokumisa ngokubanzi kunye nesiseko sokusebenza sesixhobo socingo, ukuxhathisa

iya kuhlangabezana nezona mfuno zisezantsi.

(2) I-AC yokusebenza komhlaba: uxhulumaniso lwesinyithi phakathi kwendawo kwinkqubo yamandla kunye nomhlaba ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.Ukusebenza

ukumisa ubukhulu becala kubhekiselele ekusekelweni kwendawo engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer okanye umgca ongathathi hlangothi (N line).Ucingo olu-N kufuneka lube lucingo olubiyelweyo olungundoqo wobhedu.Pha

ziitheminali ze-equipotential ezincedisayo kunikezelo lwamandla, kwaye iitheminali ze-equipotential zikwikhabhinethi.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba

ibhloko ye-terminal ayinakuvezwa;Ayinakuxutywa kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokumisa, ezifana ne-DC grounding, i-shielding grounding, i-anti-static

isiseko, njl.Ayinakudityaniswa nomgca we-PE.

(3) Isiseko sokhuselo lokhuseleko: ukhuseleko olusisiseko kukwenza uqhagamshelo lwentsimbi elungileyo phakathi kwenxalenye yentsimbi engatshajwanga yombane.

izixhobo kunye nomzimba osezantsi.Izixhobo zombane kwisakhiwo kunye namanye amacandelo esinyithi akufutshane nesixhobo aqhagamshelwe

Imigca ye-PE, kodwa inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukudibanisa imigca ye-PE kunye nemigca ye-N.

(4) Isiseko se-DC: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo sombane ngasinye, kufuneka kubonelelwe ngesakhono esizinzileyo sereferensi.

kunikezelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo.I-insulated copper core wire enendawo enkulu yecandelo ingasetyenziswa njengenkokeli, enye isiphelo sayo sidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo

ireferensi enokubakho, kwaye esinye isiphelo sisetyenziselwa ukumiswa kwe-DC kwezixhobo zombane.

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isakhiwo esikrelekrele kwisixhobo sombane sibizwa ngokuba yi-anti-static grounding.

(6) Isiseko sokukhusela: ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle, ucingo olukhuselayo okanye umbhobho wesinyithi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-elektroniki.

indawo ebiyelweyo yezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ziphantsi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-shielding grounding.

(7) Inkqubo yokumisa umbane: kwizixhobo zombane, ukuthintela uphazamiseko lwamandla ombane olwenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ukuba angangeneleli ngokusebenzisa amandla e-AC kunye ne-DC.

imigca kunye nokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweempawu ezisezantsi, izihlungi ze-AC kunye ne-DC zifakwe.Ukubekwa phantsi kwezihluzi kubizwa ngokuba yi-power grounding.

Imisebenzi ye-grounding ihlulwe kwisiseko sokukhusela, isiseko sokusebenza kunye ne-anti-static grounding

(1) Amaqokobhe esinyithi, ikhonkrithi, iipali, njl.njl. izixhobo zombane zinokufakelwa umbane ngenxa yomonakalo wokugquma.Ukuze kuthintelwe le meko

ukubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nokuphepha iingozi zokutshatyalaliswa kombane, iigobolondo zetsimbi zezixhobo zombane ziqhagamshelwe kunye nesixhobo sokumisa.

ukukhusela umhlaba.Xa umzimba womntu uchukumisa izixhobo zombane kunye negobolondo elifakwe umbane, ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano lwesiseko

Umzimba ungaphantsi kakhulu kunokumelana nomzimba womntu, Uninzi lwangoku lungena emhlabeni ngomzimba osezantsi, kwaye kuphela inxalenye encinci ehambayo.

umzimba womntu, ongayi kububeka engozini ubomi bomntu.

(2) Isiseko esiqhutywe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwezixhobo zombane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neengozi kuthiwa ukusebenza

ukubeka phantsi komhlaba.Umzekelo, ukumisa okuthe ngqo kunye nokungathanga ngqo kwendawo engathathi hlangothi kunye nokusekwa okuphindaphindiweyo komgca we-zero kunye nombane.

ukhuseleko lusisiseko zonke zisisiseko sokusebenza.Ukuze ungenise umbane emhlabeni, qhagamshela i-terminal yokumisa umbane

izixhobo zokukhusela (intonga yombane, njl.njl.) emhlabeni ukuze kupheliswe umonakalo wokugqithiswa kombane kwisixhobo sombane, ipropathi yomntu,

ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-overvoltage protection grounding.

(3) Ukubekwa phantsi kwe-oyile yamafutha, iitanki zokugcina irhasi yendalo, imibhobho, izixhobo zombane, njl. njl. kubizwa ngokuba yi-anti-static grounding ukuthintela impembelelo.

yeengozi ze-electrostatic.

Iimfuno zokufakela isixhobo sokumisa

(1) Ucingo lokumisa luyi-40mm × 4mm yentsimbi ethe tyaba.

(2) Umzimba ophantsi uya kuba ngumbhobho wensimbi okanye intsimbi ye-angle.Ububanzi bombhobho wensimbi ngu-50mm, ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho abukho ngaphantsi

ngaphezu kwe-3.5mm, kwaye ubude bu-2-3 m.50mm yentsimbi engile × 50mm × 5 mm.

(3) Umphezulu womzimba womhlaba ukude nge-0.5~0.8m ukusuka emhlabeni ukunqanda ukunyibilika komhlaba.Inani lemibhobho yentsimbi okanye iintsimbi ze-angle zixhomekeke

Kumhlaba wokuxhathisa ukujikeleza umzimba wokumisa, ngokuqhelekileyo ungabi ngaphantsi kwesibini, kwaye isithuba phakathi kwendawo nganye yi-3 ~ 5m.

(4) Umgama phakathi komgangatho womhlaba kunye nesakhiwo uya kuba ngaphezu kwe-1.5m, kunye nomgama phakathi kwendawo yokumisa kunye nesakhiwo.

Intonga yombane ezimeleyo yomhlaba iya kuba ngaphezu kwe-3m.

(5) I-Lap welding iya kusetyenziselwa ukudityaniswa kocingo olusezantsi kunye nomzimba osezantsi.

Iindlela zokunciphisa ukumelana nomhlaba

(1) Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwesixhobo sokumisa, ukuxhathisa komhlaba ojikeleze umzimba wokumisa kuya kuqondwa.Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu,

amanyathelo ayimfuneko aya kuthathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ixabiso lokumelana nesiseko lifanelekile.

(2) Guqula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba olujikeleze isiseko somhlaba ngaphakathi kwe-2 ~ 3m yomhlaba ojikeleze umzimba wokumisa, kwaye wongeze izinto

ayingeneli emanzini kwaye ibe nokufunxa kakuhle kwamanzi, njengamalahle, icoke cinder okanye i-slag.Le ndlela inokunciphisa ukumelana nomhlaba

eyokuqala 15~110.

(3) Sebenzisa ityuwa kunye namalahle ukunciphisa ukumelana nomhlaba.Sebenzisa ityuwa kunye namalahle ukucofa amanqwanqwa.I-charcoal kunye nenhle ixutywe kwinqanaba, malunga

I-10 ~ 15cm ubukhulu, kwaye emva koko i-2 ~ 3cm yetyuwa igandiwe, iyonke i-5 ~ 8 imigangatho.Emva kokuhamba ngeenyawo, qhubela kumzimba womhlaba.Le ndlela inokunciphisa

resistivity ukuya yokuqala 13 ~ 15.Nangona kunjalo, ityuwa iya kulahleka ngamanzi ahambayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuyizalisa kwakhona

ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini.

(4) Ukuxhathisa umhlaba kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kuma-40% ngokusebenzisa isinciphisi sokuxhathisa imichiza ixesha elide.Ukuxhathisa phantsi kwezixhobo zombane

iya kuvavanywa kanye ngonyaka entwasahlobo nasekwindla xa kukho imvula encinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ufanelekile.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekhethekileyo

izixhobo (ezifana ne-ZC-8 umvavanyi wokuxhathisa umhlaba) zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya, kwaye indlela ye-ammeter voltmeter ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya.

Imixholo yokuhlolwa komhlaba ibandakanya

(1) Ingaba iibholithi ezidibanisayo zikhululekile okanye zirulile.

(2) Ingaba ukugqwala kocingo olusezantsi kunye nomzimba wokumisa ngaphantsi komhlaba kuchithwa.

(3) Ingaba ucingo lokumisa emhlabeni lonakele, lwaphukile, ludliwe, njl. njl.

umgca, uya kuba necandelo elingekho ngaphantsi kwe-16 mm2 yocingo lwe-aluminium kwaye ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-10 mm2 yocingo lobhedu.

(4) Ukuze kuchongwe usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lwabancedisi abahlukeneyo, umgca wesigaba, umgca onguziro osebenzayo kunye nomgca wokhuselo uya kwahlulwa

imibala eyahlukileyo ukuthintela umgca wesigaba ukuba ungaxutywa kunye nomgca we-zero okanye umgca we-zero osebenzayo ukuba ungaxutywa kunye ne-zero yokukhusela.

umgca.Ukuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso oluchanekileyo lweesokethi ezahlukeneyo, imowudi yokuhanjiswa kombane yenqanaba lesithathu iya kusetyenziswa.

(5) Kwiswitshi yomoya ezenzekelayo okanye i-fuse yobonelelo lwamandla ekupheleni komsebenzisi, isigaba esinye sokukhusela ukuvuza siya kufakwa kuso.Imigca yomsebenzisi

eziye zaphelelwa ukulungiswa ixesha elide, ukuguga ukuguga okanye ukunyuka komthwalo, kwaye icandelo alincinci, kufuneka litshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.

ukuphelisa iingozi zomlilo zombane kunye nokubonelela ngeemeko zokusebenza okuqhelekileyo komkhuseli wokuvuza.

(6) Nakweyiphi na imeko, ucingo olusezantsi olukhuselayo kunye nocingo olungathathi hlangothi lwesixhobo socingo oluhlanu lwesixhobo sombane kwinkqubo yombane aluyi kuphinda lubekho.

ibe ngaphantsi kwe-1/2 yomgca wesigaba, kunye nocingo lokumisa kunye nocingo olungathathi hlangothi lwesixokelelwano sokukhanyisa, nokuba izinto ezintathu zocingo okanye into enye yesithathu.

inkqubo yocingo, kufuneka ifane nomgca wento.

(7) Umgca oyintloko womhlaba wokusebenza kunye nesiseko sokukhusela sivumelekile ukuba kwabelwane ngaso, kodwa icandelo lalo aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha secandelo.

yomgca wesigaba.

(8) Ukubekwa phantsi kwesixhobo sombane ngasinye kuya kudityaniswa kumgca ongundoqo wokumisa ngocingo oluhlukileyo lokumisa.Akuvumelekanga ukudibanisa

izixhobo zombane eziliqela ekufuneka zisekelwe kuthotho kucingo olunye lokumisa.

(9) Icandelo locingo lokumisa oluyi-380V lwebhokisi yokuhambisa, ugcino lwebhokisi yamandla kunye nebhokisi yombane yokukhanyisa iya kuba>-4 mm.², icandelo

ucingo olungenanto lwealuminiyam luya kuba>6 mm2, icandelo locingo olugqunyiweyo lobhedu luya kuba>2.5 mm2, kwaye icandelo locingo olugqunyiweyo lwealuminiyam liya kuba>>4 mm.².

(10) Umgama phakathi kocingo lokumisa kunye nomhlaba kufuneka ube yi-250-300mm.

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kunye nomgca ongathathi hlangothi wesixhobo uya kupeyintwa ngophawu olublowu olukhanyayo.

(12) Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa isingxobo sesinyithi okanye umnatha wesinyithi wombhobho wesikhumba senyoka, umaleko wokugquma umbhobho kunye nesheya yentsimbi yentambo njengocingo lokumisa.

(13) Xa ucingo oluphantsi ludityanisiwe, i-lap welding iya kusetyenziselwa ukuwelda ucingo oluphantsi.Ubude belaphu kufuneka buhlangabezane neemfuno zeflethi

intsimbi iphindwe kabini ububanzi bayo (kwaye ubuncinci imiphetho emi-3 idityanisiwe), kwaye intsimbi ejikelezileyo inama-6 ububanzi bayo (kunye ne-welding ephindwe kabini iyafuneka).Xa i

intsimbi ejikelezayo idityaniswe nentsimbi yesicaba, ubude be-welding ye-lap ngamaxesha angama-6 entsimbi ejikelezayo (kunye ne-welding ephindwe kabini iyafuneka).

(14) Iingcingo zobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam kufuneka zifakwe izikhonkwane zokulungisa ukuze zidibanise ne-grounding bar, kwaye aziyi kuphothwa.Xa ubhedu olusicaba

iingcingo eziguquguqukayo zisetyenziswa njengeingcingo zokumisa, ubude buya kuba bufanelekile, kwaye i-crimping lug iya kudibaniswa ne-grounding screw.

(15) Ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo, umqhubi uya kukhangela ukuba ucingo olusezantsi lwesixhobo sombane luqhagamshelwe kakuhle

igridi yokumisa igridi kunye nezixhobo zombane, kwaye akukho ukuphuka okunciphisa icandelo locingo lokumisa, ngaphandle koko liya kuphathwa njengesiphako.

(16) Ngexesha lokuvunywa kokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba ucingo olusezantsi lwezixhobo zombane lukwimeko efanelekileyo.

(17) ISebe leZixhobo liya kusoloko lijonga ukubekwa phantsi kwesixhobo sombane, kwaye lazise kwangexesha ukulungiswa kwayo nayiphi na ingxaki.

(18) Ukumelana nokubekwa phantsi kwesixhobo sombane kuya kubekwa iliso ngokungqinelana nezibonelelo zomjikelo okanye ngexesha lolondolozo olukhulu noluncinci.

kwezixhobo.Ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe, izizathu ziya kuhlalutywa kwaye zisingathwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

(19) Ukumiselwa kwesixhobo sombane esine-voltage ephezulu kunye nokumelana nokubekwa phantsi kwegridi yokumisa kuya kuqhutywa siSixhobo.

Isebe ngokuhambelana neKhowudi yoHando kunye noVavanyo loThintelo lweZixhobo zoMbane, kunye nokubekwa phantsi kwesixhobo sombane esine-voltage ephantsi.

iya kuqhutywa lisebe phantsi kolawulo lwezixhobo.

(20) Umbane wesiphaluka esifutshane ongenayo wesixhobo sokumisa wamkela eyona nxalenye iphezulu ye-symmetrical yowona mzuzu uphezulu wesekethe yangoku.

ukugeleza kumhlaba ngesixhobo sokumisa kwimeko yesiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi nangaphandle sesixhobo sokumisa.Umsinga uya kumiselwa

ngokwendlela yokusebenza ephezulu yenkqubo emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 yophuhliso, kunye nokusasazwa kwesekethe ekufutshane phakathi

ukumisa iindawo ezingathathi hlangothi kwinkqubo kunye nesiseko esahlukileyo sesekethe esifutshane sangoku kumqhubi wombane siya kuqwalaselwa.

Ezi zixhobo zilandelayo kufuneka zibekwe phantsi

(1) Ikhoyili yesibini ye-transformer yangoku.

(2) Ukuvalelwa kweebhodi zokuhambisa kunye neepaneli zokulawula.

(3) Indawo ebiyelweyo yemoto.

(4) Iqokobhe lebhokisi edibeneyo yentambo kunye neshethi yesinyithi yentambo.

(5) Isiseko sesinyithi okanye indlu yokutshintsha kunye nesixhobo sayo sokuhambisa.

(6) Isiseko sesinyithi se-insulator ephezulu ye-voltage kunye ne-bushing.

(7) Imibhobho yentsimbi yocingo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle.

(8) Itheminali yokumisa iimitha yokulinganisa.

(9) Iindawo ezivaliweyo zombane kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa.

(10) Isakhelo sesinyithi sesixhobo sokuhambisa amandla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nesithintelo sesinyithi seendawo zokuhlala.

Iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokumisa imoto

(1) Ucingo lokumisa injini kufuneka ludityaniswe negridi yokumisa isityalo sonke ngentsimbi ecaba.Ukuba ikude kwisiseko esisezantsi

Umgca okanye ucingo olusicaba lokumisa intsimbi lucwangciswe ukuze luchaphazele ubuhle bendawo, umzimba wendalo osisiseko kufuneka usetyenziswe ukuya kuthi ga ngoku.

kunokwenzeka, okanye ucingo lobhedu olusicaba kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengocingo lokumisa.

(2) Kwiimoto ezinezikrufu zokumisa kwiqokobhe, ucingo lokumisa kufuneka ludityaniswe nesikrufu somhlaba.

(3) Kwiinjini ezingenazikrufu zokubeka phantsi kwiqokobhe, kufuneka kufakwe izikrufu zokubeka phantsi kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo kwiqokobhe lemoto

qhagamshela ngocingo olusezantsi.

(4) Iqokobhe lemoto elinonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo lombane kunye nesiseko esisekelwe phantsi alinakumiswa, kwaye ucingo lokumisa luya kulungiswa.

ngokucocekileyo nangobuhle.

Iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokumisa ibhodi yokutshintsha

(1) Ucingo olusezantsi lwebhodi yokuhambisa kufuneka ludityaniswe negridi yokumisa isityalo sonke ngentsimbi ecaba.Ukuba ikude

umgca osisiseko wokumisa okanye uyilo locingo olusicaba lokumisa intsimbi luchaphazela ubuhle bemeko engqongileyo, umzimba womhlaba wendalo kufuneka ube

isetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye ucingo oluthambileyo lobhedu kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengocingo lokumisa.

(2) Xa i-conductor yobhedu engenanto isetyenziswa njengocingo olusezantsi lwe-switchboard ene-voltage ephantsi, icandelo aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-6mm2, kwaye xa

i-insulated copper wire isetyenziswe, icandelo aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-4mm2.

(3) Kwibhodi yokusabalalisa nge-grounding screw kwi-shell, ucingo lokumisa kufuneka ludibaniswe ne-screw grounding screw.

(4) Kwibhodi yonikezelo ngaphandle kokumisa isikrufu kwiqokobhe, kuyafuneka ukuba kufakwe isikrufu somhlaba kwindawo efanelekileyo

iqokobhe lebhodi yokusabalalisa ukudibanisa nomgca wesigaba sokumisa.

(5) Igobolondo lebhodi yokuhambisa kunye noqhagamshelwano oluthembekileyo lombane kunye nomzimba osezantsi lunokukhutshwa.

Ukuhlola kunye nokulinganisa indlela yocingo lokumisa

(1) Ngaphambi kovavanyo, umgama owaneleyo wokhuseleko uya kugcinwa kwisixhobo esivavanyiweyo ukuthintela ukudibana ngengozi kunye neendawo eziphilayo nezijikelezayo,

kwaye uvavanyo luya kwenziwa ngabantu ababini.

(2) Phambi kovavanyo, khetha igiya yokuxhathisa ye-multimeter, mfutshane iiprobes ezimbini ze-multimeter, kunye negiya yokumelana yokulinganisa.

imitha ibonisa u-0.

(3) Qhagamshela enye isiphelo seprobe kucingo oluphantsi kunye nesinye isiphelo kwitheminali ekhethekileyo yokubekwa kwezixhobo.

(4) Xa isixhobo esivavanyiweyo singenaso isixhobo sokumisa esikhethekileyo, esinye isiphelo sovavanyo siyakulinganiswa kwindawo ebiyelweyo okanye

icandelo lesinyithi lezixhobo zombane.

(5) Igridi engundoqo yokumisa okanye uqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo kunye negridi engundoqo yokumisa kufuneka ikhethwe njengetheminali yokubeka umhlaba, kwaye

i-oxide yomhlaba kufuneka isuswe ukuqinisekisa ukudibana okulungileyo.

(6) Ixabiso liya kufundwa emva kokuba uphawu lwemitha luzinzile, kwaye ixabiso lokumelana nomgangatho liya kuhambelana nemimiselo.