Imigca ehambisa amandla ombane ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso yamandla ukuya kumaziko okulayisha amandla kunye nemigca yokudibanisa phakathi kweenkqubo zamandla ngokubanzi.

ebizwa ngokuba ziintambo zothumelo.Itekhnoloji entsha yothungelwano esithetha ngayo namhlanje ayintsha, kwaye inokuthelekiswa kuphela kwaye

isetyenziswe emva kwexesha kunemigca yethu yesiqhelo.Uninzi lwezi teknoloji "zintsha" zikhulile kwaye zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwigridi yethu yamandla.Namhlanje, eqhelekileyo

Iindlela zothumelo lweendlela zethu ezibizwa ngokuba “zintsha” zobuchwepheshe zishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Itekhnoloji yegridi yamandla amakhulu

"Igridi yamandla amakhulu" ibhekisa kwisixokelelwano samandla esidityanisiweyo, inkqubo yamandla edibeneyo okanye inkqubo yamandla edibeneyo eyenziwe luqhagamshelo.

yeegridi zamandla zasekhaya ezininzi okanye iigridi zamandla zengingqi.Inkqubo yamandla edityanisiweyo kukudityaniswa kwe-synchronous yenani elincinci

iindawo zoqhagamshelo phakathi kweegridi zamandla zengingqi kunye neegridi zamandla zesizwe;Inkqubo yamandla edibeneyo ineempawu zokulungelelaniswa

ukucwangcisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngokweekhontrakthi okanye izivumelwano.Iinkqubo zamandla ezincinci ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ziqhagamshelwe yigridi yamandla ngokunxuseneyo

ukusebenza, okunokwenza inkqubo yamandla engingqi.Inani leenkqubo zamandla zommandla zidityaniswe ngeegridi zamandla ukwenza amandla adibeneyo

inkqubo.Inkqubo yamandla emanyeneyo yinkqubo yamandla enesicwangciso esimanyeneyo, ulwakhiwo olumanyeneyo, ukuthunyelwa kunye nokusebenza ngokumanyeneyo.

Igridi yamandla amakhulu ineempawu ezisisiseko zombane we-Ultra-high kunye negridi yokuhambisa amandla ombane aphezulu, amandla amakhulu othumelo.

kunye nokuhanjiswa komgama omde.Igridi iqulethe inethiwekhi yothumelo lwe-AC ephezulu, i-ultra-high voltage AC yothumelo lwenethiwekhi kunye

Uthungelwano lombane oluphezulu lombane we-AC, kunye nothungelwano lombane oluphezulu lwe-DC kunye nenethiwekhi yothumelo lwe-DC ephezulu,

ukwenza inkqubo yamandla yanamhlanje enemaleko, izowuni kunye nesakhiwo esicacileyo.

Umda wesakhono esikhulu sothumelo olukhulu kunye nokuhanjiswa komgama omde kunxulumene namandla othumelo lwendalo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamaza.

yomgca kunye nenqanaba lombane elihambelanayo.Okukhona inqanaba lombane liphezulu, kokukhona amandla endalo ewahambisayo makhulu, kokukhona amaza abe mancinci

I-impedance, okukhona umgama wothumelo uye mkhulu uluhlu lokhuselo.Okona kunamandla unxibelelwano phakathi kweegridi zamandla

okanye iigridi zamandla ommandla yi.Uzinzo lwalo lonke igridi yamandla emva koqhagamshelo lunxulumene nokukwazi kwegridi yamandla nganye ukuxhasa nganye

enye xa isilela, oko kukuthi, amandla amakhulu otshintshiselwano lwemigca yokubopha phakathi kweegridi zamandla okanye iigridi zamandla ommandla, ngokusondeleyo udibaniso,

kwaye uzinzile ngakumbi ukusebenza kwegridi.

Uthungelwano lwamandla luthungelwano lothumelo oluqulunqwe zizikhululo ezincinci, izikhululo zokuhambisa umbane, iintambo zombane kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.Phakathi kwabo,

inani elikhulu leentambo zothumelo ezinomgangatho ophezulu wombane kunye nezitishi ezihambelanayo zenza umqolo wothumelo lwegridi yombane.

inethiwekhi.Uthungelwano lwamandla ommandla lubhekiselele kwigridi yamandla yezixhobo ezinkulu zombane ezinomthamo olomeleleyo wolawulo oluphezulu, ezifana nezintandathu zephondo zase China.

iigridi zamandla ommandla, apho igridi yamandla ommandla ngamnye inezityalo ezinkulu zamandla obushushu kunye nezityalo zamandla ombane ezithunyelwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-grid bureau.

Itekhnoloji yothumelo olubambeneyo

Umgaqo osisiseko wetekhnoloji yothumelo olubambeneyo kukwenza ngcono ubeko lomqhubi wemigca yothumelo, ukunciphisa umgama phakathi kwezigaba,

ukwandisa izithuba zeekhonduktha ezidityanisiweyo (iikhondukta eziphantsi) kwaye kwandiswe inani lee-conductors ezihlanganisiweyo

itekhnoloji yothumelo enokuphucula ngokubonakalayo amandla othumelo endalo, kunye nokulawula uphazamiseko lukanomathotholo kunye nelahleko yecorona kwi

inqanaba elamkelekileyo, ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani leesekethe zothumelo, ukucinezela ububanzi beepaseji zentambo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, njl., kunye nokuphucula

umthamo wothumelo.

Iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-compact EHV AC iintambo zothumelo xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zothumelo eziqhelekileyo zezi:

① Umqhubi wesigaba wamkela ulwakhiwo oluninzi kwaye anyuse isithuba somqhubi;

② Nciphisa umgama phakathi kwezigaba.Ukuze ugweme isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kwezigaba ezibangelwa yi-vibration ye-conductor evuthelwa ngumoya, i-spacer isetyenziselwa

lungisa umgama phakathi kwezigaba;

③ Ipali kunye nesakhiwo senqaba ngaphandle kwesakhelo siya kwamkelwa.

Intambo yothumelo ye-500kV Luobai I-circuit AC ethe yamkele iteknoloji yothumelo olubambeneyo licandelo leLuoping Baise le-500kV.

Iprojekthi ye-Tianguang IV yokuhanjiswa kwesekethe kunye nenguqu.Kokokuqala eTshayina ukwamkela le teknoloji kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nexesha elide.

imigca yomgama.Iprojekthi yokuhanjiswa nokuguqulwa kwamandla yaqaliswa ukusebenza ngoJuni ka-2005, kwaye izinzile ngoku.

Itekhnoloji yokuhambisa i-compact ayinakukwazi ukuphucula kakhulu amandla othumelo lwendalo, kodwa nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla

Ipaseji nge-27.4 mu ngekhilomitha, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo inani lokugawulwa kwamahlathi, imbuyekezo yezityalo eziselula kunye nokudilizwa kwendlu, kunye

iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo.

Okwangoku, i-China Southern Power Grid ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bothumelo oludibeneyo kwi-500kV Guizhou Shibing ukuya eGuangdong.

Xianlingshan, Yunnan 500kV Dehong kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zothumelo lombane kunye neenguqu.

Ukuhanjiswa kweHVDC

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HVDC kulula ukuyiqonda inethiwekhi engahambelaniyo;Inoqoqosho ngakumbi kunosasazo lwe-AC ngaphezu komgama obalulekileyo wothumelo;

Ipaseji yomgca efanayo inokuhambisa amandla angaphezu kwe-AC, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumgama omde wothumelo lwamandla amakhulu, uthungelwano lwenkqubo yamandla,

Umgama omde wentambo yangaphantsi kwamanzi okanye ukuhanjiswa kwentambo ephantsi komhlaba kwizixeko ezikhulu, ukukhanya kwe-DC ukuhanjiswa kwinethiwekhi yokuhambisa, njl.

Inkqubo yale mihla yothumelo lwamandla idla ngokuqulunqwa ngamandla ombane aphezulu, umbane ogqithileyo wombane we-DC kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-AC.UHV kunye ne-UHV

Itekhnoloji yothumelo lweDC ineempawu zothumelo olude lomgama, umthamo omkhulu wothumelo, ulawulo oluguquguqukayo kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokulula.

Kwiiprojekthi zothumelo lweDC ezinomthamo wokuhambisa amandla malunga ne-1000km kunye nomthamo wokuhambisa amandla ongekho ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3 kW,

± 500kV inqanaba lombane liyamkelwa ngokubanzi;Xa umthamo wothumelo lwamandla ungaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 kW kwaye umgama wothumelo lwamandla udlula

I-1500km, inqanaba lombane elingu-± 600kV okanye ngaphezulu liyamkelwa ngokubanzi;Xa umgama wothumelo ufikelela malunga ne-2000km, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela

amanqanaba ombane aphezulu ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zepaseji yentambo, ukunciphisa inani leesekethe zothumelo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yothumelo.

Itekhnoloji yothumelo lweHVDC kukusebenzisa amandla aphezulu amacandelo e-elektroniki, afana ne-high-voltage high-power thyristor, turnoff silicon elawulwayo.

I-GTO, isango eligqunyiweyo le-bipolar transistor IGBT kunye namanye amacandelo ukwenza ukulungiswa kunye nezixhobo zokuguqula ukufezekisa i-voltage ephezulu, umgama omde.

ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.Ubuchwephesha obufanelekileyo bubandakanya itekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla, itekhnoloji ye-microelectronics, itekhnoloji yolawulo lwekhompyuter, entsha

izixhobo zokugquma, i-fiber optical, i-superconductivity, ukulinganisa kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla, ukulawula nokucwangcisa.

Inkqubo yothumelo lweHVDC yinkqubo entsonkothileyo eyenziwe liqela levalvu yokuguqula, isiguquli sokuguqula, isihluzo seDC, ireactor egudileyo, ukuhanjiswa kweDC.

umgca, isihluzo samandla kwicala le-AC kunye necala le-DC, isixhobo sembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo, i-DC switchgear, isixhobo sokukhusela kunye nokulawula, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye

amanye amacandelo (iinkqubo).Ubukhulu becala iqulunqwe zizitishi ezibini zokuguqula kunye neentambo zothumelo zeDC, ezidityaniswe neenkqubo ze-AC kuzo zombini iziphelo.

Itekhnoloji engundoqo yothumelo lwe-DC igxininiswe kwisixhobo sesikhululo sokuguqulela.Isikhululo sokuguqula siyaqonda ukuguqulwa kwe-DC kunye

AC.Isikhululo sokuguqula sibandakanya isikhululo sokulungisa kunye nesikhululo se-inverter.Isikhululo sokulungisa siguqula amandla e-AC amanqanaba amathathu kumandla eDC, kunye ne

isikhululo soguqulo siguqula amandla eDC ukusuka kwimigca yeDC ukuya kumandla e-AC.Ivalve yesiguquli sisixhobo esingundoqo ukuqonda uguqulo phakathi kwe-DC kunye ne-AC

kwisikhululo somguquleli.Ukusebenza, umguquli uya kuvelisa i-harmonics ephezulu kwicala le-AC kunye necala le-DC, ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic,

ukulawulwa okungazinzanga kwezixhobo zokuguqula, ukugqithiswa kweejeneretha kunye ne-capacitors, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yonxibelelwano.Ngoko ke, ukuxhatshazwa

kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo.Isihluzi simiselwe kwisikhululo soguqulelo lwenkqubo yothumelo lweDC ukufunxa i-harmonics ephezulu.Ukongeza kokufunxa

i-harmonics, isihluzo kwicala le-AC sikwabonelela ngamandla asisiseko asebenzayo, isihluzi esisecaleni se-DC sisebenzisa ireactor egudileyo ukukhawulela i-harmonic.

Isitishi sokuguqula

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV

Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-UHV kuneempawu zomthamo omkhulu wothumelo lwamandla, umgama omde wokuhambisa amandla, ukugubungela okubanzi, umgca wokonga.

iipaseji, ilahleko encinci yothumelo, kunye nokufezekisa uluhlu olubanzi lolungelelwaniso lwezibonelelo.Inokwenza igridi yomqolo yamandla e-UHV

igridi ngokokusasazwa kwamandla, ukubekwa komthwalo, umthamo wothumelo, utshintshiselwano lwamandla kunye nezinye iimfuno.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV AC kunye ne-UHV DC kunezazo iingenelo.Ngokubanzi, ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV AC kulungele ukwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla ombane aphezulu

inqanaba kunye nemimandla enqamlezileyo yokubopha imigca yokuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo;Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV DC ilungele umthamo omkhulu womgama omde

ukuhanjiswa kwezikhululo zombane ezikhulu kunye nezikhululo zombane ezinkulu ezibaswa ngamalahle ukuphucula uqoqosho lolwakhiwo lweentambo zothumelo.

Umgca wothumelo we-UHV AC ungowomgca omde ofanayo, obonakaliswa kukuba ukuchasana, ukunyanzeliswa, amandla kunye nokuziphatha.

ecaleni komgca ziyaqhubeka kwaye zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umgca wothumelo.Xa uxoxa ngeengxaki, iimpawu zombane ze

umgca uvame ukuchazwa ngokumelana ne-r1, i-inductance L1, i-capacitance C1 kunye ne-conductance g1 ngobude beyunithi.I-impedance yophawu

kunye ne-propagation coefficient yeentambo zothumelo ezide ezifanayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukulungela ukusebenza kweentambo zothumelo lwe-EHV.

Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwe-AC eguquguqukayo

Inkqubo yothumelo lwe-AC eguquguqukayo (FACTS) yinkqubo yothumelo ye-AC esebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla anamhlanje, itekhnoloji ye-microelectronics,

itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano kunye netekhnoloji yolawulo lwangoku ukuguquguquka nangokukhawuleza ukulungelelanisa nokulawula ukuhamba kwamandla kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo yamandla,

ukwandisa ulawulo lwenkqubo nokuphucula umthamo wothumelo.Itekhnoloji ye-FACTS yitekhnoloji entsha yothumelo lwe-AC, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-flexible

(okanye bhetyebhetye) iteknoloji yolawulo losasazo.Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-FACTS ayikwazi ukulawula kuphela ukuhamba kwamandla kuluhlu olukhulu kwaye ufumane

ukusasazwa kokuhamba kwamandla okufanelekileyo, kodwa kwandise uzinzo lwenkqubo yamandla, ngokwenjenjalo kuphuculwe umthamo wothumelo lwentambo yothumelo.

Itekhnoloji ye-FACTS isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuhambisa ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla.Ibizwa ngokuba yi-flexible AC transmission system DFACTS ye

inkqubo yokuhambisa okanye iteknoloji yamandla abathengi iCPT.Kolunye uncwadi, ibizwa ngokuba bubuchwephesha bomgangatho osisigxina okanye amandla alungiselelweyo

iteknoloji.