Izinto ezingalunganga ekuqhubeni langoku zibizwaii-insulators, kunye ne-insulators zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dielectrics.

Banokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu.Inkcazo ye-insulator: Izinto ezingaqhubi umbane ngokulula zibizwa

ii-insulators.Akukho mida ipheleleyo phakathiii-insulatorskunye nabaqhubi.

Iimbonakalo

Iimpawu ze-insulators kukuba iintlawulo ezilungileyo kunye nezibi kwiiamolekyuli zibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo,

kwaye kukho amasuntswana ahlawuliweyo ambalwa kakhulu anokuthi ahambe ngokukhululekileyo.I-macroscopic current eyenziwe yi

intshukumo ithathwa njengento engekho conductive.

Ukuqhuba

I-conductivity ye-insulator inqunywe yindlela yokuziphatha kwee-electron kwi-substance.Ukuziphatha kwe

ii-electron kwikristale ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo band amandla.Into enokuqhutywa okungenanto ngokupheleleyo

ibhendi kunye neqela elipheleleyo le-valence lisisigqubuthelo.Umahluko wamandla phakathi komzantsi webhendi yokuqhuba

kunye nomphezulu we-valence band (ibhendi Xa i-gap yamandla inkulu, ayiqhubeki umbane phantsi kwe-

indawo yombane eqhelekileyo.Kuba izinto ezinezithuba ezincinci zamandla, nangona zizithinteli xa iqondo lobushushu

liphantsi, xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka, ii-electron zebhendi ye-valence ziyavuya kwibhendi yokuqhuba, kwaye

iya kuzisa nombane.Ukongeza, xa ii-electron okanye imingxuma kwinqanaba lokungcola kwi-gap band

imincili kwibhendi yokuqhuba okanye ibhendi yevalence, nayo iya kuqhuba umbane.

Amandla ombane ombane

Ii-insulators eziqinileyo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-crystalline kunye ne-amorphous.I-insulator yangempela ayikho ngokupheleleyo

non-conductive.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane enamandla, iintlawulo ezintle kunye nezibi ngaphakathi kwe-insulator

iya kukhululeka kwaye ibe yintlawulo yasimahla, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-insulation kuya kutshatyalaliswa.Le nto iyenzeka

ebizwa ngokuba yi-dielectric breakdown.Awona mandla ombane aphezulu anokumelana nezinto zedielectric kuthiwa

ukomelela kwebala lokuqhekeka.