Intshayelelo

Ukuveliswa kwamandla eBiomass yeyona nto inkulu kunye neyona ivuthiweyo yetekhnoloji yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ebhayomass.I-China ityebile kwimithombo ye-biomass,

ikakhulu ibandakanya inkunkuma yezolimo, inkunkuma yamahlathi, umgquba wemfuyo, inkunkuma yasekhaya yasezidolophini, amanzi amdaka endalo kunye nentsalela yenkunkuma.Iyonke

Isixa semithombo ye-biomass enokusetyenziswa njengamandla minyaka le ilingana neetoni ezimalunga nezigidi ezingama-460 zamalahle aqhelekileyo.Ngo-2019, i

Umthamo ofakiweyo wokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass kwihlabathi jikelele unyuke ukusuka kwi-131 yezigidi zeekilowathi ngo-2018 ukuya malunga ne-139 yezigidi zeekilowatts, ukonyuka

malunga ne-6%.Ukuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka kunyuke ukusuka kwi-546 yeebhiliyoni zee-kWh ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-591 yeebhiliyoni ze-kWh ngo-2019, ukwanda okumalunga ne-9%.

ikakhulu kwi-EU nase-Asiya, ngakumbi i-China.Isicwangciso se-13 seminyaka emihlanu saseTshayina soPhuhliso lwe-Biomass Energy sicebisa ukuba ngo-2020, iyonke

Umthamo ofakiweyo wokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass kufuneka ufikelele kwi-15 yezigidi zeekilowatts, kwaye ukuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka kufuneka kufikelele kwi-90 yezigidigidi.

iiyure zekilowatt.Ekupheleni kuka-2019, amandla e-China afakiweyo okuvelisa amandla e-bio aye anyuka ukusuka kwi-17.8 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2018 ukuya.

Izigidi ezingama-22.54 zeekhilowathi, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka okungaphaya kwe-111 leebhiliyoni zeekhilowatt iiyure, kudlula iinjongo ze-13th Year Plan.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ugqaliselo lokukhula kwamandla e-biomass yaseTshayina kukusebenzisa inkunkuma yezolimo nezamahlathi kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo yasezidolophini.

kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ukubonelela ngamandla kunye nobushushu kwiindawo zasezidolophini.

Inkqubela phambili yophando lwamva nje lweteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass

Ukuveliswa kwamandla eBiomass kwaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1970.Emva kokuqhambuka kwamandla ehlabathi, iDenmark kunye namanye amazwe asentshona aqala

sebenzisa amandla e-biomass afana neendiza ukwenza umbane.Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass iphuhliswe ngamandla

kwaye isetyenziswe eYurophu nase-United States.Phakathi kwabo, iDenmark yenze eyona mpumelelo ibalaseleyo kuphuhliso lwe

ukuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass.Ukusukela oko isityalo sokuqala samandla sokutsha se-bio sakhiwa kwaye sasetyenziswa ngo-1988, iDenmark iye yadala.

ngaphezu kwe-100 lezityalo zamandla ebhayomass ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zibe luphawu lophuhliso lokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass kwihlabathi.Ukwengeza,

Amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia nawo enze inkqubela-phambili ekutshisweni ngokuthe ngqo kwe-biomass kusetyenziswa i-rice husk, i-bagasse kunye nezinye izinto ezikrwada.

Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass yaseTshayina kwaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1990.Emva kokungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, ngokungeniswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe ukuxhasa

uphuhliso lokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass, inani kunye nesabelo samandla kwiziko lombane lebhayomass liyanda unyaka nonyaka.Kumxholo we

utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neemfuno zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-CO2 kunye nezinye izinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolileyo,

kunye nokufezekisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 engu-zero, ngoko ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophando lwabaphandi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ngokomgaqo osebenzayo, iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-biomass inokohlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: ukuveliswa kwamandla okutsha ngokuthe ngqo

itekhnoloji, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla ngegesi kunye nokudibanisa iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla okutsha.

Ngokomgaqo, ukuveliswa kwamandla okutsha okuthe ngqo kwebhayomas kufana kakhulu nebhoyila yokuvelisa amandla obushushu atshiswa ngamalahle, oko kukuthi, isibaso sebiomass.

(inkunkuma yezolimo, inkunkuma yamahlathi, inkunkuma yasekhaya yasezidolophini, njl.njl.) ithunyelwa kwibhoyila engumphunga elungele ukutshiswa kwe-biomass, kunye nekhemikhali.

Amandla kwi-biomass fuel aguqulwa abe ngamandla angaphakathi obushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga ngokusebenzisa ukutsha kobushushu obuphezulu.

inkqubo, kwaye iguqulwa ibe ngamandla oomatshini ngomjikelo wamandla omphunga, Okokugqibela, amandla oomatshini aguqulwa abe ngumbane.

amandla ngejenereyitha.

I-biomass gasification yokuvelisa amandla ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo: (1) i-biomass gasification, i-pyrolysis kunye ne-gasification ye-biomass emva kokutyumzwa,

ukomisa kunye nolunye unyango lwangaphambili phantsi kwemekobume yobushushu obuphezulu ukuvelisa iigesi eziqulethe izinto ezinokutsha ezifana ne-CO, CH₄kwaye

H ₂;(2) Ukuhlanjululwa kwegesi: igesi evuthayo eyenziwa ngexesha lokuhlanjululwa kwegesi ifakwe kwinkqubo yokucoca ukususa ukungcola okunjengomlotha,

icoke netar, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokungena kwisixhobo sokuvelisa umbane esisezantsi;(3) Ukutshiswa kwerhasi kusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kombane.

Irhasi ecocekileyo enokutsha yaziswa kwi-injini yegesi okanye i-injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi yokutshisa kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla, okanye inokwaziswa.

kwibhoyila yokutsha, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu owenziweyo usetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-injini yomphunga ukwenza umbane.

Ngenxa yemithombo ye-biomass esasaziweyo, ukuxinana kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokuqokelela nzima kunye nokuthuthwa, ukutshiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-biomass ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwamandla.

ixhomekeke kakhulu kuzinzo kunye noqoqosho lonikezelo lwamafutha, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa umbane we-biomass.Amandla adityaniswe yiBiomass

ukuveliswa yindlela yokuvelisa amandla esebenzisa isibaso sebhayomass ukubuyisela ezinye izibaso (ezidla ngokuba ngamalahle) ukutsha.Iphucula ukuguquguquka

ye-biomass fuel kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle, ukuqonda i-CO₂ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweeyunithi zamandla obushushu obuswa ngamalahle.Okwangoku, i-biomass idibene

Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla ikakhulu ibandakanya: ukutsha okuxutyiweyo okudityaniswe nethekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla, ukutsha okungathanga ngqo okudityanisiweyo

itekhnoloji yokuvelisa kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla ombane.

1. Ithekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla okuvutha ngokuthe ngqo kweBiomass

Ngokusekwe kwiiseti zejenereyitha ezithe ngqo zebhayomass zangoku, ngokweentlobo zesithando somlilo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubunjineli, zinokuhlulwa ikakhulu.

kwitekhnoloji yokutsha elayitiweyo kunye neteknoloji yokutshisa [2].

Ukutshisa okulayiweyo kuthetha ukuba i-fuel ihanjiswa kwi-grate esisigxina okanye ehambayo, kwaye umoya ungeniswe ukusuka ezantsi kwe-grate ukuqhuba.

ukutsha ukusabela ngokusebenzisa umaleko amafutha.Itekhnoloji yokutshisa elayitiweyo yommeli kukuqaliswa kwe-grate ye-vibrating epholileyo yamanzi

itekhnoloji ephuhliswe yiNkampani ye-BWE eDenmark, kunye neplanti yokuqala yamandla e-biomass e-China - i-Shanxian Power Plant kwiPhondo laseShandong yaba

Yakhiwe ngo-2006. Ngenxa yothuthu oluphantsi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bokutsha bamafutha e-biomass, iipleyiti zegrate zonakaliswa lula ngenxa yokutshisa kunye

ukupholisa kakubi.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-grate yokungcangcazela kwamanzi epholileyo yinkqubo yayo ekhethekileyo kunye nemodi yokupholisa, exazulula ingxaki ye-grate.

ukutshisa kakhulu.Ngokungeniswa kunye nokukhuthaza itekhnoloji yegrate yaseDanish epholileyo yamanzi, amashishini amaninzi asekhaya azise.

Itekhnoloji yokutsha ye-biomass grate enamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ngokufunda kunye nokwetyisa, okuthe kwafakwa kwinqanaba elikhulu.

ukusebenza.Abavelisi abamele baquka iShanghai Sifang Boiler Factory, iWuxi Huaguang Boiler Co., Ltd., njl.

Njengobuchwephesha bokutsha obubonakaliswe kukuguquguquka kwamasuntswana aqinileyo, itekhnoloji yokutshisa ibhedi emanzi ineengenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwebhedi.

itekhnoloji yokutsha kwi-biomass evuthayo.Okokuqala, kukho izinto ezininzi zokulala ze-inert kwibhedi ene-fluid, enomthamo ophezulu wokushisa kunye

yomeleleukuziqhelanisa ne-biomass fuel kunye nomxholo ophezulu wamanzi;Okwesibini, ubushushu obusebenzayo kunye nokudluliselwa kobuninzi bomxube we-gas-solid kwi-fluidized

ibhedi yenzai-biomass fuel kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokungena eziko.Ngexesha elifanayo, izinto zokulala ezinomthamo ophezulu wokushisa zingakwazi

gcina izikoubushushu, qinisekisa uzinzo lokutsha xa utshisa ixabiso eliphantsi le-calorific ye-biomass fuel, kwaye ube neenzuzo ezithile

kuhlengahlengiso lomthwalo weyunithi.Ngenkxaso yesicwangciso senkxaso yenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, iYunivesithi yaseTsinghua iphuhlise “iBiomass

IBoiler yeBhedi ejikelezayoItekhnoloji eneParameters zoMphunga oPhezulu”, kwaye iphuhlise ngempumelelo eyona 125 MW ultra-high emhlabeni.

Uxinzelelo kanye ukufudumeza biomass ukujikelezaIbhoyila yebhedi enolwelo ngobu buchwepheshe, kunye ne-130 t/h yokuqala yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ibhoyila yebhedi ejikelezayo itshisa umququ ococekileyo wombona.

Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wealkali yesinyithi kunye nomxholo weklorini we-biomass, ngakumbi inkunkuma yezolimo, kukho iingxaki ezinjengothuthu, i-slagging.

kunye nomhlwakwindawo yokufudumala yobushushu obuphezulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshisa.Iiparamitha zomphunga weebhoyila ze-biomass ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

ubukhulu becala ziphakathiubushushu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla akukho phezulu.Uqoqosho lwe-biomass layer lugxothwe ngokuthe ngqo

imida yokuvelisa amandlaukukhula kwayo okunempilo.

2. I-biomass gasification yokuvelisa amandla ombane

Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass gasification kusebenzisa ii-reactors ezikhethekileyo zegesi ukuguqula inkunkuma ye-biomass, kuquka umthi, iindiza, iindiza, i-bagasse, njl.,

kwiigesi enokutsha.Irhasi ekwaziyo ukutsha ithunyelwa kwiiinjini zegesi okanye kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi zokuvelisa amandla emva kothuli.

ukususwa kunyeukususwa kwecoke kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokucoca [3].Okwangoku, i-reactors ye-gasification esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo inokwahlulwa ibe yibhedi esisigxina

izitshizi zegesi, ezimanziizitshizi zegesi zebhedi kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa igesi.Kwi-gasifier yebhedi esisigxina, ibhedi yezinto eziphathekayo izinzile, kwaye ukomisa, i-pyrolysis,

oxidation, ukunciphisakunye nezinye iimpendulo ziya kugqitywa ngokulandelelana, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziguqulelwe kwigesi yokwenziwa.Ngokomahluko wokuhamba

ulwalathiso phakathi kwegesikunye nerhasi yokwenziwa, izitshizi zebhedi ezisisigxina zineentlobo ezintathu ikakhulu: ukufunxa ukuya phezulu (ukuhamba kwekhawuntara), ukufunxa ukuya ezantsi (ukuya phambili

flow) kunye nokufunxa okuthe tyabaiigesi.I-gasifier yebhedi ene-fluidized yenziwe yi-gasification ye-gasification kunye ne-air distributor.I-arhente yokucoca igesi

ifakwe ngokufanayo kwi-gasifierngokusebenzisa umsasazi womoya.Ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zokuqukuqela okuqinileyo kwerhasi, inokohlulwa ibe yi-bubbling

i-gasifier yebhedi emanzi kwaye iyajikelezai-gasifier yebhedi emanzi.I-agent ye-gasification (ioksijini, umphunga, njl.njl.) kumandlalo wokuqukuqela odibeneyo ungenisa i-biomass.

amasuntswana kwaye itshizwe kwizikongombhobho.I-fuel particles iyahlakazeka kwaye imiswe kwi-high-speed gas flow.Ngaphantsi phezulu

iqondo lobushushu, amasuntswana amafutha alungileyo asabela ngokukhawuleza emvaukunxibelelana neoksijini, ukukhulula ubushushu obuninzi.Amasuntswana aqinileyo acolwa ngoko nangoko kwaye afakwe igesi

ukuvelisa igesi yokwenziwa kunye ne-slag.Kuba uhlaziyo lulungisiwei-gasifier yebhedi, umxholo wetar kwigesi yokudibanisa uphezulu.I-downdraft yebhedi esisigxina yokufaka igesi

inesakhiwo esilula, ukondla okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngaphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, itela eyenziweyo inokuqhekeka ngokupheleleyo kwirhasi etshayo, kodwa iqondo lobushushu lokuphuma kwegesi liphezulu.I-fluidized

ibhediI-gasifier inezibonelelo zokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwegesi, ukudibana okufanayo kwegesi-oluqilima eziko kunye nobushushu obuqhubekayo bokusabela, kodwa

izixhoboisakhiwo sinzima, umxholo womlotha kwigesi yokudibanisa uphezulu, kwaye inkqubo yokucoca ezantsi ifunwa kakhulu.I

igasifier yokuhambisa igesiineemfuno eziphezulu ze-pretreatment ye-material kwaye kufuneka icolwe ibe ngamasuntswana acolekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli inako

sabelani ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elifutshaneixesha lokuhlala.

Xa isikali sombane we-biomass gasification sincinci, uqoqosho lulungile, ixabiso liphantsi, kwaye lilungele ukude kunye nokusasazwa.

iindawo ezisemaphandleni,okubaluleke kakhulu ukongeza unikezelo lwamandla eTshayina.Eyona ngxaki iphambili ekufuneka isonjululwe yitela eveliswa yibiomass

ukufakwa kwegesi.Xa iItha yerhasi eveliswe kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwegesi ipholile, iya kwenza itela yolwelo, eya kuthi ivale umbhobho kwaye ichaphazele

ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwamandlaizixhobo zokuvelisa.

3. I-Biomass idityaniswe neteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla

Ixabiso lamafutha lokutshisa okucocekileyo kwenkunkuma yezolimo namahlathi ukwenzela ukuveliswa kombane yeyona ngxaki inkulu ethintela amandla e-biomass.

isizukulwanaishishini.Iyunithi yokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass ngqo inomthamo omncinci, imilinganiselo ephantsi kunye noqoqosho oluphantsi, olukwanciphisa

ukusetyenziswa kwe-biomass.I-Biomass edityaniswe nemithombo emininzi yokutshiswa kwamafutha yindlela yokunciphisa iindleko.Okwangoku, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunciphisa

iindleko zepetroli yi-biomass kunye nokubaswa kwamalahleukuveliswa kwamandla.Ngo-2016, ilizwe likhuphe iiNgcebiso eziKhokelayo ekuKhuthazeni amalahle agxothwe kunye neBiomass.

IsiZukulwana saMandla esidityanisiweyo, nto leyo kakhuluikhuthaze uphando kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-biomass edityaniswe nethekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla.Kutshanje

iminyaka, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla e-biomassiphuculwe kakhulu ngotshintsho lwemizi-mveliso ekhoyo yombane esebenzisa amalahle,

ukusetyenziswa kombane wamalahle adityaniswe ne-biomass, kunyeizibonelelo zobugcisa zeyunithi enkulu yokuvelisa amandla ngamalahle ekusebenzeni okuphezulu

kunye nongcoliseko oluphantsi.Indlela yobugcisa inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:

(1) ukudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kokutsha emva kokutyumzwa / ukucolwa, kubandakanywa neentlobo ezintathu zokutsha kwelitye elinye kunye nesitshisi esifanayo, ezahlukeneyo

izingqusho ngeisitshisi sinye, nezinye izixhobo zokusila ngeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo;(2) Ukudityaniswa kokutsha okungathanga ngqo emva kokufakwa kwegesi, i-biomass ivelisa

irhasi etshayoinkqubo yokufakwa kwegesi kwaye emva koko ingene kwiziko lokutshisa;(3) Ukudibanisa umphunga emva kokutshiswa kwe-biomass ekhethekileyo

kwibhoyila.Ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukutsha yindlela yokusetyenziswa enokuthi iphunyezwe kwinqanaba elikhulu, kunye nokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu kunye notyalo-mali olufutshane.

umjikelo.Xa iUmlinganiselo wokudibanisa awuphezulu, ukusetyenzwa kwamafutha, ukugcinwa, ukubeka, ukuhamba ngokufana kunye nefuthe layo kukhuseleko lwebhoyila kunye noqoqosho.

okubangelwa kukutsha kwebhayomassziye zasonjululwa ngobuchule okanye zalawulwa.Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa ukutsha okungathanga ngqo iphatha i-biomass kunye namalahle

ngokwahlukeneyo, ehambelana kakhulu neiintlobo ze-biomass, zisebenzisa i-biomass encinci ngeyunithi yokuvelisa amandla, kwaye yonga amafutha.Inokusombulula i

iingxaki zentsimbi yealkali kunye ne-boiler coking ininkqubo yokutshiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-biomass ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, kodwa iprojekthi ihlwempuzekile

scalability kwaye ayifanelekanga kwiibhoyila ezinkulu.Kumazwe angaphandle,indlela yokudibanisa ukuvutha ngokuthe ngqo isetyenziswa ikakhulu.Njengongathanga ngqo

imo yokutsha ithembeke ngakumbi, ukuvelisa amandla okutshisa okungathanga ngqongokusekwe kwi-circulating fluidized bed gasification okwangoku

itekhnoloji ekhokelayo ekusetyenzisweni kombane wokudibanisa i-biomass eTshayina.Ngo-2018,Datang Changshan Power Plant, yelizwe

Iyunithi yokuqala engama-660MW yokuvelisa amandla amalahle agqithisileyo adityaniswa nama-20MW okuvelisa umbane webhayomassiprojekthi yomboniso, ephunyeziweyo a

impumelelo epheleleyo.Le projekthi yamkela i-biomass ephuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo ejikeleza ibhedi yokwenziwa kwegesi edityanisiweyoukuveliswa kwamandla

Inkqubo, edla malunga ne-100000 yeetoni ze-biomass straw minyaka le, ifezekisa iiyure ezili-110 ze-kilowatt zeeyure zokuvelisa amandla e-biomass,

yonga malunga neetoni ezingama-40000 zamalahle asemgangathweni, kwaye yehlisa malunga ne-140000 yeetoni zeCO₂.

Uhlalutyo kunye nethemba lophuhliso lobuchule bokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass

Ngokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yaseTshayina kunye nemarike yokurhweba ngekhabhoni, kunye nokuphunyezwa okuqhubekayo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuxhasa ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane okubaswa ngamalahle adityaniswe ngamalahle, i-biomass edityaniswe neteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla ngamalahle ingenisa okulungileyo.

amathuba ophuhliso.Ukuphathwa ngokungenabungozi kwenkunkuma yezolimo neyamahlathi kunye nenkunkuma yasekhaya yasezidolophini ibisoloko ingundoqo we

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezidolophini nasezilalini ekufuneka oorhulumente basekhaya bazisombulule ngokukhawuleza.Ngoku ilungelo lokucwangcisa leeprojekthi zokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass

inikezelwe koorhulumente basekhaya.Oorhulumente basekhaya banokubophelela i-biomass yezolimo nezamahlathi kunye nenkunkuma yasezidolophini kunye kwiprojekthi

ukucwangcisa ukukhuthaza iiprojekthi ezidityanisiweyo zokwenziwa kombane.

Ukongeza kubuchwephesha bokutsha, isitshixo kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lokuvelisa amandla e-biomass luphuhliso oluzimeleyo,

ukukhula kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkxaso yeenkqubo ezincedisayo, ezifana nokuqokelelwa kwamafutha e-biomass, ukutyunyuzwa, ukuhlolwa kunye neenkqubo zokutyisa.Ngaxeshanye,

ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji ye-biomass yokunyangwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuphucula ukuqhelaniswa nesixhobo esinye kumafutha amaninzi e-biomass sisiseko.

ukuze kuqatshelwe ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliphantsi lokwenziwa kombane kwibhayomass kwixa elizayo.

1. Iyunithi eqhunyiswa ngamalahle ebhayomass edibanisa ngqo umbane wokutsha

Umthamo weeyunithi zokuvelisa umbane webhayomass ngokuthe ngqo zincinci (≤ 50MW), kwaye iiparamitha ezihambelanayo zebhoyila yomphunga ziphantsi.

ngokubanzi iiparamitha zoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ngaphantsi.Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kweeprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane webhayomass ezivuthayo ziqhelekile

hayi ngaphezulu kwe-30%.Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji yokudibanisa okuthe ngqo kwi-biomass esekwe kwi-300MW subcritical units okanye i-600MW nangaphezulu.

i-supercritical okanye i-ultra supercritical units inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kwi-biomass ukuya kuma-40% okanye nangaphezulu.Ukongeza, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo

iiyunithi zeprojekthi yokuvelisa umbane oqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-biomass ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuboneleleni ngamafutha e-biomass, ngelixa ukusebenza kwe-biomass kudityaniswa nokubaswa kwamalahle.

iiyunithi zokuvelisa amandla azixhomekeke kubonelelo lwe-biomass.Le modi yokutsha exutyiweyo yenza imarike yokuqokelela i-biomass yokuveliswa kwamandla

amashishini anamandla okuxoxisana anamandla.I-biomass idityaniswe neteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla inokusebenzisa iibhoyila ezikhoyo, iiinjini zomphunga kunye

iinkqubo ezincedisayo zemizi-mveliso yamandla ombane ngamalahle.Kuphela yinkqubo entsha yokwenziwa kwamafutha ebhayomass efunekayo ukwenza utshintsho oluthile kwibhoyila yokutsha

inkqubo, ngoko ke utyalo-mali lokuqala lusezantsi.La manyathelo angentla aya kuphucula kakhulu ingeniso yamashishini okuvelisa amandla ebhayomass kwaye anciphise

ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwinkxaso yesizwe.Ngokumalunga nokukhutshwa kongcoliseko, imigangatho yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ephunyezwa yi-biomass egxothwe ngokuthe ngqo

Iiprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane zikhululekile noko, kwaye imida yokuphuma komsi, i-SO2 kunye ne-NOx ngokulandelelanayo ngama-20, 50 kunye ne-200 mg/Nm3.I-Biomas idityanisiwe

Ukuveliswa kombane kuxhomekeke kumandla ombane oshushu obaselwa ngamalahle kwaye kusebenzisa imigangatho yokukhupha umbane ophantsi kakhulu.Imida yokukhutshwa kwesoot, SO2

kunye no-NOx ngokulandelelanayo yi-10, 35 kunye ne-50mg/Nm3.Xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kombane okuthe ngqo kwebhayomass kwisikali esifanayo, ukukhutshwa komsi, SO2

kwaye i-NOx iyancipha nge-50%, i-30% kunye ne-75% ngokulandelanayo, kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Indlela yobuchwephesha yeebhoyila ezinkulu ezibaswa ngamalahle ukwenza inguqu yebiomass edityaniswe ngqo nokuveliswa kombane ingashwankathelwa ngoku.

njengamasuntswana e-biomass - ii-biomass Mills - inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwemibhobho - umbhobho wamalahle ocoliweyo.Nangona i-biomass yangoku idibene ngokuthe ngqo nokutsha

itekhnoloji inesiphene somlinganiselo onzima, itekhnoloji edityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo yokuvelisa amandla iya kuba lelona sikhokelo sophuhliso

yokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass emva kokusombulula le ngxaki, Iyakwazi ukuqonda ukutsha okudityaniswayo kwe-biomass nakweyiphi na indawo kwiiyunithi ezinkulu ezibaswa ngamalahle, kwaye

uneempawu zokuvuthwa, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko.Le teknoloji isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumazwe ngamazwe, kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-biomass

ye-15%, 40% okanye i-100% yokudibanisa umlinganiselo.Umsebenzi unokuqhutywa kwiiyunithi ze-subcritical kunye nokwandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukufezekisa injongo ye-CO2 enzulu

ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kweeparamitha ezigqithisileyo+i-biomass edityaniswe nokutshisa+ukufudumeza kwesithili.

2. I-biomass fuel pretreatment kunye nenkxaso yenkqubo encedisayo

I-biomass fuel ibonakaliswe kumthamo ophezulu wamanzi, umxholo ophezulu we-oksijini, uxinano lwamandla aphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi le-calorific, elinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengesibaso kunye.

ichaphazela kakubi ukuguqulwa kwayo okusebenzayo kwe-thermochemical.Okokuqala, izinto eziluhlaza ziqulethe amanzi amaninzi, okuya kulibazisa ukuphendula kwe-pyrolysis,

ukutshabalalisa ukuzinza kweemveliso zepyrolysis, ukunciphisa ukuzinza kwezixhobo zebhoyila, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo.Ngoko ke,

Kuyimfuneko ukucofa isibaso se-biomass kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwe-thermochemical.

Itekhnoloji yokucutshungulwa kwe-Biomass densification inokunciphisa ukonyuka kweendleko zokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa okubangelwa kuxinzelelo oluphantsi lwamandla e-biomass.

amafutha.Xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji yokomisa, ukubhaka i-biomass fuel kwindawo engasebenziyo kunye nakwiqondo lobushushu elithile kunokukhupha amanzi kunye nokuguquguquka okuthile.

i-matter kwi-biomass, ukuphucula iimpawu ze-fuel of biomass, ukunciphisa i-O / C kunye ne-O / H.I-biomass ebhakiweyo ibonisa i-hydrophobicity kwaye kulula ukuba yiyo

zityunyuziwe zibe ngamasuntswana acolekileyo.Uxinaniso lwamandla luyanda, olunceda ekuphuculeni uguqulo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwe-biomass.

Ukutyumza yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yonyango lwangaphambili lokuguqulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-biomass.Kwi-briquette ye-biomass, ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-particle can

ukwandisa indawo ethile yendawo kunye nokubambelela phakathi kweengqungquthela ngexesha loxinzelelo.Ukuba ubungakanani be-particle bukhulu kakhulu, buya kuchaphazela izinga lokushisa

yamafutha kunye nokukhululwa kwezinto eziguqukayo, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela umgangatho weemveliso zegesi.Kwixesha elizayo, kunokuqwalaselwa ukwakha a

iplanti yokucoca amafutha ebhayomass ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nesixhobo sombane ukubhaka kunye nokutyumza imathiriyeli yebiomass.Isicwangciso sesizwe "se-13 seMinyaka emiHlanu" sikwakhomba ngokucacileyo

ngaphandle kokuba i-biomass solid particle fuel technology iya kuphuculwa, kwaye ukusetyenziswa konyaka kwe-biomass briquette fuel kuya kuba yi-30 yezigidi zeetoni.

Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ngamandla nangokunzulu itekhnoloji yonyango lwangaphambili lwe-biomass fuel.

Xa kuthelekiswa neeyunithi zamandla obushushu aqhelekileyo, umahluko ophambili wokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass ukwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwamafutha ebhayomass kunye nezinye ezinxulumeneyo.

itekhnoloji yokutsha.Okwangoku, izixhobo eziphambili zokutsha zokuvelisa amandla e-biomass e-China, njengomzimba webhoyila, ufezekise indawo yokuhlala,

kodwa kusekho iingxaki kwinkqubo yothutho ye-biomass.Inkunkuma yezolimo ngokubanzi inokwakheka okuthambileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kuyo

inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla inkulu.Umzi-mveliso wamandla kufuneka ulungise inkqubo yokutshaja ngokokusetyenziswa kwamafutha athile.Pha

Zininzi iintlobo zamafutha akhoyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuxutyiweyo kwamafutha amaninzi kuya kukhokelela kumafutha angalinganiyo kunye nokuvaleka kwindlela yokutya, kunye namafutha.

imeko yokusebenza ngaphakathi kwibhoyila ithanda ukuguquguquka okunobundlobongela.Singazisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zetekhnoloji yokutshisa ibhedi egudisiweyo

ukuguquguquka kwepetroli, kwaye kuqala kuphuhliswe kwaye kuphuculwe inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nokutya okusekwe kwibhoyila yebhedi enolwelo.

4, Iingcebiso kutshintsho oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass

Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, uphuhliso lobugcisa bokuvelisa amandla ebhayomass luya kuchaphazela kuphela izibonelelo zoqoqosho, hayi

uluntu.Ngaxeshanye, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass nako kufuna unyango olungenabungozi noluncitshisiweyo lwenkunkuma yezolimo neyamahlathi kunye nekhaya

inkunkuma.Iinzuzo zayo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo zingaphezulu lee kuneengenelo zayo zamandla.Nangona izibonelelo eziziswa kuphuhliso lwe-biomass

Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla ifanelekile ukuqinisekiswa, ezinye iingxaki ezingundoqo zobugcisa kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa umbane we-biomass ayinakusebenza ngokufanelekileyo

iqwalaselwe ngenxa yezinto ezifana neendlela zokulinganisa ezingafezekanga kunye nemigangatho ye-biomass edityaniswe nokuveliswa kwamandla, imeko yemali ebuthathaka

uncediso-mali, kunye nokunqongophala kophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha, ezizizathu zokunciphisa uphuhliso lokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass.

iteknoloji, Ngoko ke, amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka kuthathwe ukukhuthaza.

(1) Nangona intshayelelo yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso oluzimeleyo zombini izikhokelo eziphambili zophuhliso lwamandla e-biomass yasekhaya

kwishishini lesizukulwana, kufuneka siqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuba sifuna ukufumana indlela yokugqibela, kufuneka sizame ukuthatha indlela yophuhliso oluzimeleyo,

kwaye ke rhoqo ukuphucula itekhnoloji yasekhaya.Kweli nqanaba, ikakhulu kukuphuhlisa nokuphucula iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-biomass, kunye

obunye ubugcisa obunoqoqosho olungcono bunokusetyenziswa kurhwebo;Ngokuphuculwa kancinci kunye nokuvuthwa kwe-biomass njengowona mandla aphambili kunye

iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-biomass, i-biomass iya kuba neemeko zokukhuphisana namafutha efosili.

(2) Iindleko zolawulo loluntu zinokucuthwa ngokunciphisa inani leeyunithi zokuvelisa amandla enkunkuma yezolimo ngokungagqibelelanga kunye

inani leenkampani ezivelisa umbane, ngelixa isomeleza ulawulo lokubeka iliso kwiiprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane webhayomass.Ngokubhekiselele kumafutha

ukuthenga, ukuqinisekisa unikezelo olwaneleyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemathiriyeli ekrwada, kwaye ubeke isiseko sokusebenza okuzinzile kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwendawo yombane.

(3) Ukuphucula ngakumbi imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ekhethwayo yokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ngokuthembela kwintsebenziswano.

inguqu, ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa ulwakhiwo lweeprojekthi zokubonisa ukufudumeza okucocekileyo kwenkunkuma yelizwe, kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso

yeeprojekthi zebiomass ezenza umbane kuphela kodwa hayi ubushushu.

(4) I-BECCS (amandla e-Biomass adityaniswe nekhabhoni yokubamba kunye neteknoloji yokugcina) iphakamise imodeli edibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-biomass

kunye nokubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwekharbon diokside, kunye neenzuzo ezimbini zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni engalunganga kunye namandla angathathi hlangothi.I-BECCS lixesha elide

iteknoloji yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.Okwangoku, iChina inophando oluncinci kule ndawo.Njengelizwe elikhulu lokusetyenziswa kobutyebi kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni,

I-China kufuneka ibandakanye i-BECCS kwisicwangciso-qhinga sokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokwandisa oovimba bayo bezobugcisa kule ndawo.